THE OPTOMETRY ACT

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CHAPTER 23
THE OPTOMETRY ACT
[PRINCIPAL LEGISLATION]
Arrangement of Sections
Section Title
part i
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
1. Short title.
2. Application.
3. Interpretation.
part ii
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COUNCIL
4. Establishment of Council.
5. Functions and powers of Council.
6. Establishment of committees.
7. Appointment, functions and powers of Registrar.
8. Appointment of Deputy Registrar.
9. Staff of Council.
part iii
REGISTRATION AND ENROLMENT
(a) Registration
10. Register of Optometrists.
11. Qualifications for registration of Optometrist.
12. Procedure for registration.
13. Recognition of other qualifications.
14. Provisional registration of Optometrists.
15. Registration of persons qualified outside Tanzania.
16. Maintenance of Register of persons provisionally registered.
17. Temporary registration.
(b) Enrolment
18. Qualifications for enrolment as Ophthalmic Optician.
19. Procedures for enrolment.
20. Temporary enrolment.

Temporary registration.
(b) Enrolment
18. Qualifications for enrolment as Ophthalmic Optician.
19. Procedures for enrolment.
20. Temporary enrolment.

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
part iv
CANCELLATION AND SUSPENSION
21. Cancellation or suspension of certificates. 22. Procedure for cancellation or suspension. 23. Reinstatement. part v
INQUIRIES AND APPEALS
24. Receipt of complaint by Registrar. 25. Conduct of preliminary inquiry. 26. Council’s decisions and appeals. part vi
DUTIES OF OPTOMETRISTS AND OPHTHALMIC OPTICIANS
27. Duties of Optometrists and Ophthalmic Optician. 28. Ownership and management of optometry facility and optometry clinic. 29. Conditions to operate optometry facility or clinic in hospitals,
health centers, dispensary, etc.. part vii
FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
30. Funds of Council. 31. Financial year of Council. 32. Estimates of income and expenditure of Council. 33. Remuneration of members of Council. 34. Annual report. 35. Laying of accounts before National Assembly. part viii
OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
36. Offences for illegal practicing. 37. Prohibition. 38. Procurement of illegal registration or enrollment. 39. General penalty. 40.

ES AND PENALTIES
36. Offences for illegal practicing. 37. Prohibition. 38. Procurement of illegal registration or enrollment. 39. General penalty. 40.

Restriction on sale and supply of optical appliances. part ix
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
41. Letter of authorisation for visiting Optometrists or
Ophthalmic Opticians.

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
42. Registrar may call for further information.
43. Consideration of applications.
44. Issuance of certificates.
45. Inspection of optometry facility and optometry clinics.
46. Limitation of liability.
47. Seal of Council.
48. Appointment of supervisory authorities.
49. Regulations.
50. Repeal and savings.
SCHEDULE

inics.
46. Limitation of liability.
47. Seal of Council.
48. Appointment of supervisory authorities.
49. Regulations.
50. Repeal and savings.
SCHEDULE

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CHAPTER 23
THE OPTOMETRY ACT
An Act to provide for the establishment of the Council, to regulate the
conduct of Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians, the registration
of Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians and to provide for related
matters. [1st May 2008]
[GN. No. 50 of 2008]
Act No. 12 of 2007
PART I
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
1. This Act may be cited as the Optometry Act. 2.–(1) This Act shall apply to Mainland Tanzania. (2) This Act shall apply to Optometrists and Ophthalmic
Opticians irrespective of whether or not such persons are fully,
provisionally or temporarily registered. 3.

hall apply to Optometrists and Ophthalmic
Opticians irrespective of whether or not such persons are fully,
provisionally or temporarily registered. 3.

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-
“approved organisation” means an organisation that fulfills
conditions requisite for establishment and management
of private optometry facility or clinic;
“approved person” means an Optometrist, Ophthalmologist
and Ophthalmic Optician registered under this Act;
“certificate” means a document issued by the Council to
a person certifying that such person has undergone a
course of study leading to award of a diploma, degree or
any other document indicating the level of knowledge
and skill acquired by him;
Short title
Application
Interpretation

o award of a diploma, degree or
any other document indicating the level of knowledge
and skill acquired by him;
Short title
Application
Interpretation

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E.

of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.345
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E.

2023]
“Council” means the Optometry Council established under
section 4;
“enrolled body corporate” means a body corporate enrolled
in the list of bodies corporate practising optometry;
“licence” means a permit authorising the holder to practice
as an Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician;
“Minister” means the Minister responsible for health;
“Optometrist” means a primary health care provider of the
eye and visual system;
“Ophthalmic Optician” means a person engaged in the
testing of sight and supplying optical appliances;
“Ophthalmologist” means a medical practitioner specialised
in eye treatment and surgery;
“optical appliance” means an appliance designed to test,
detect, correct, remedy or relieve a defect of sight, this
includes optical instruments and tools;
“optical instruments” means instruments used to test and
detect defect of sight;
“optical tools” means tools used to make visual aids;
“optometry” means health profession specialised in the
provision of vision care, examination and diagnosis of
vision problems and eye diseases;
“optometry clinic” means optometry clinic which deals with
sight testing, visual analysis and corrections of visual defect;
“optometry facility” means an optical surfacing unit, optical
laboratory, optical factory and manufacturing, supplying
and distributing units of optical appliances;
“Registrar” means the Registrar of the Council appointed
under section 7;
“Register” means a Register of Optometrists;
“registered Optometrist” means Optometrist registered
under this Act; and
“Roll” means the Roll of Ophthalmic opticians kept by the
Registrar in which the names of persons enrolled therein
are entered.

ed
under this Act; and
“Roll” means the Roll of Ophthalmic opticians kept by the
Registrar in which the names of persons enrolled therein
are entered.

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
PART II
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COUNCIL
4.–(1) There is hereby established a Council to be known as
the Optometry Council. (2) The Council shall be a body corporate and shall-
(a) have perpetual succession and a common seal;
(b) in its corporate name be capable of-
(i) suing or being sued;
(ii) holding and purchasing or acquiring in any other
way and disposing of any movable or immovable
property; and
(iii) entering into contracts or other transactions and
doing all other acts and things which a body
corporate may lawfully perform;
(c) have power to borrow such sums as it may require for
its purpose; and
(d) exercise the powers and perform the functions
conferred upon it by or under this Act. (3) The provisions of the Schedule to this Act shall have
effect as to the appointment of members to the Council,
composition, proceedings of the Council and other matters
relating to the Council. 5.–(1) The Council shall be the sole authority for registering
and enrolling all Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians.

tters
relating to the Council. 5.–(1) The Council shall be the sole authority for registering
and enrolling all Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of
subsection (1), the functions of the Council shall be to-
(a) scrutinise, regulate, approve, monitor and evaluate the
implementation of the curricula of optometry;
(b) publish annually in the Gazette as soon as practicable
in the year and on such other occasions as it may deem
fit, the names and particulars of Optometrists and
Ophthalmic Opticians contained in the Register and
Roll;
(c) issue and cancel registration certificates and licence to
practice;
Establishment of
Council
Functions and
powers of Council

he Register and
Roll;
(c) issue and cancel registration certificates and licence to
practice;
Establishment of
Council
Functions and
powers of Council

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E.

of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.347
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E.

2023]
(d) make entry into the Register or Roll and to amend any
particulars entered therein and replace any certificate
or licence which have been lost or destroyed;
(e) advise the Minister on issues pertaining to optometry;
(f) prescribe the duties of the Registrar to the Council;
(g) prescribe standards and conditions for establishing
new schools of optometry, approved organisations,
approved persons, approved optometry facilities and
clinics;
(h) keep and maintain register of schools of optometry,
approved organisations, approved persons, approved
optometry facilities and clinics;
(i) establish committees, approve names of proposed
committee members and to prescribe their functions;
(j) prescribe standards and conditions for establishing
optometry clinic and facilities;
(k) approve hospitals or other institutions for the purpose
of enabling persons who have been provisionally
registered to obtain experience necessary to enable
them qualify for full registration;
(l) raise funds and prescribe procedures and guidelines
relating to their use and accounting;
(m) prescribe modalities for the acquisition and upkeep of
the Council’s properties and assets;
(n) make, issue, promote and oversee adherence to a code
of conduct and where necessary to exercise disciplinary
measures;
(o) authorise and supervise all activities related to vision
testing and distribution of optical appliances;
(p) prescribe the standards and conditions of ophthalmic
materials to the required standards and approve them;
(q) inspect and prescribe standards of all manufactured
ophthalmic materials, appliances and approve them;
and
(r) grant licenses for establishing optometry clinics and
facilities.

dards of all manufactured
ophthalmic materials, appliances and approve them;
and
(r) grant licenses for establishing optometry clinics and
facilities.

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
6.–(1) There shall be established an Education Committee, the
Registration and Finance Committee as well as the Ethical and
Disciplinary Committee. (2) Members of each Committee shall include-
(a) the Chairman who shall be appointed by the Council
from amongst its members; and
(b) not less than three and not more than five members
who shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Council
upon the approval of the Council. (3) Each Committee may co-opt for a particular purpose
any person to be a member of the Committee and any
member so co-opted shall not have the right to vote during the
deliberations of the Committee. (4) The Council may, establish not more than two other
committees and may delegate to such committees functions as
the Council may deem appropriate to delegate. (5) The term of office and other conditions for appointment
to the committee shall be determined by the Council. 7.–(1) The Minister shall appoint a Registrar of the Council
who shall be an Optometrist registered under this Act.

hall be determined by the Council. 7.–(1) The Minister shall appoint a Registrar of the Council
who shall be an Optometrist registered under this Act.

(2) The Registrar shall be the Secretary to the Council. (3) The Registrar shall hold office for such period and upon
such terms and conditions as the Council may determine, or as
may be specified in the instrument of his appointment. (4) The functions of the Registrar shall be to-
(a) implement the decisions of the Council;
(b) make proposals for the formulation of policies to be
adopted by the Council;
(c) establish and maintain relationship with organisations,
institutions and agencies as may be appropriate for
facilitating the implementation of the policies and the
carrying out of the functions of the Council;
(d) keep and maintain, on behalf of the Council, the
Register and the Roll;
Establishment of
committees
Appointment,
functions and
powers of
Registrar

(d) keep and maintain, on behalf of the Council, the
Register and the Roll;
Establishment of
committees
Appointment,
functions and
powers of
Registrar

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(e) make necessary alteration and corrections in the
Register or the Roll in relation to any entry as may be
directed by the Council;
(f) record all minutes of the Council and its committees
and to keep properly all the records and documents of
the Council; and
(g) carry on any other function which may be assigned to
him by the Council. (5) The Registrar shall have power to enter into any building
or premises for the purpose of doing anything which may be
directed by the Council and in his absence he may assign
in writing any other officer of the Council to carry on this
assignment as provided for under this Act. (6) The Chairman may, in writing, require the Registrar
to submit a report on any matter affecting the affairs of the
Council. (7) The Registrar shall, within a period of three months after
the end of the year, submit to the Council an annual report on
the affairs and activities of the Council.

shall, within a period of three months after
the end of the year, submit to the Council an annual report on
the affairs and activities of the Council.

8.–(1) There shall be a Deputy Registrar who shall be appointed
by the Minister and who shall be optometrist to assist the
Registrar in the performance of his duties and, on such other
functions as may be directed by the Council. (2) Subject to the provisions of subsection (1), in the event
of the absence of the Deputy Registrar, any other officer of
the Council shall carry out the functions of the Registrar in
his behalf as the Chairman of the Council may designate in
writing. 9. The Council may appoint such other person to the services
of the Council. Appointment of
Deputy Registrar
Staff of Council

ay designate in
writing. 9. The Council may appoint such other person to the services
of the Council. Appointment of
Deputy Registrar
Staff of Council

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
PART III
REGISTRATION AND ENROLMENT
(a) Registration
10.–(1) There shall be the Register of Optometrists which shall
be kept and maintained by the Registrar. (2) The Register shall contain the names, addresses,
qualifications and other particulars of Optometrists entitled
for registration. 11. Subject to the provisions of this Act and any conditions
for admission to the Register or any part thereof imposed by
regulations made thereunder, a person shall be entitled for
registration under this Act if he has-
(a) undergone the course of study leading to the award
of diploma, advanced diploma, degree or masters in
optometry from a recognised training institution;
(b) any other additional qualifications recognised; and
(c) practical experience for a period of one year in any
institution recognised by the Council. 12.–(1) A person, who wishes to obtain registration under this
Act, shall submit an application in a prescribed form to the
Registrar.

by the Council. 12.–(1) A person, who wishes to obtain registration under this
Act, shall submit an application in a prescribed form to the
Registrar.

(2) An application under subsection (1) shall be
accompanied by-
(a) a certified copy or copies of certificates for academic
qualifications of the applicant;
(b) an application fee as may be prescribed; and
(c) such other documents containing information as may
be required by the Council. (3) The Registrar shall, after receiving an application, refer
the application together with his recommendations to the
Council for consideration and determination. (4) The Council may-
(a) approve the application and direct the Registrar to
register the applicant; or
Register of
Optometrists
Qualifications for
registration of
Optometrist
Procedure for
registration

direct the Registrar to
register the applicant; or
Register of
Optometrists
Qualifications for
registration of
Optometrist
Procedure for
registration

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(b) reject an application and direct the Registrar to inform
the applicant accordingly stating the reasons for the
Council’s decision. 13.–(1) For the purposes of registration under this Act, the
Council may after-
(a) taking into account admission requirements into
optometry schools;
(b) assessing the curriculum followed by optometry
schools; and
(c) evaluating the professional standards exhibited by
a person holding himself as having qualifications to
practice optometry,
recognise such other qualifications as guaranteeing requisite
knowledge and skill other than qualifications referred to
under section 11. (2) The qualifications recognised for the purposes of
subsection (1), shall, by notice, be published in the Gazette as
soon as the Council recognises them and the Registrar shall
after the 1st day of January and not later than the 31st day of
March each year, publish all such qualifications.

ognises them and the Registrar shall
after the 1st day of January and not later than the 31st day of
March each year, publish all such qualifications.

(3) The Council may, if professional standards so require,
withdraw recognition of qualifications referred to under
subsection (1). (4) Where the Council withdraws recognition of any other
qualifications, such withdrawal shall not affect the registration
of any person already registered. 14.–(1) A person otherwise qualified to be registered under
section 11 but who is not entitled to be registered as such
by reason only of the fact that he does not have the requisite
practical experience, but produces evidence satisfactory to the
Council that he has been offered employment in an institution
approved by the Council and that such employment would
afford him opportunity to obtain the required experience,
shall be eligible for provisional registration. Recognition
of other
qualifications
Provisional
registration of
Optometrists

the required experience,
shall be eligible for provisional registration. Recognition
of other
qualifications
Provisional
registration of
Optometrists

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(2) A person who is provisionally registered shall be deemed
to be registered as far as it is necessary to enable him to be
employed for the purpose stated in subsection (1) and to carry
out responsibilities of a registered optometrist practitioner but
not otherwise. (3) The provisions of this section shall apply for the purpose
of enabling persons referred to in subsection (1) to acquire
such practical experience in optometry for one year. 15. Where a person applying for registration is a citizen or
non-citizen of Tanzania and has qualifications obtained from
an institution of learning outside Tanzania but recognised
by the Council, that person shall be eligible for provisional
registration lasting for a period of one year. 16.–(1) The Registrar shall maintain a separate Register into
which the names of persons provisionally registered under
section 14 shall be entered and upon such persons being fully
registered their names shall be removed from the Register of
the persons provisionally registered.

shall be entered and upon such persons being fully
registered their names shall be removed from the Register of
the persons provisionally registered.

(2) A person provisionally registered shall be titled to
practice as an Optometrist registered under section 14 but not
otherwise. 17.–(1) A person who is not a citizen of Tanzania shall be
entitled to a temporary registration if he satisfies the Council
that-
(a) he is not ordinarily resident in Tanzania;
(b) he is or intends to be employed in Tanzania was in
capacity for which he is applying for the express
purpose of carrying out specific assignment in research,
teaching or investing in optometry; and
(c) he is or immediately before entering Tanzania was in
practice as optometrist or ophthalmic optician and that
he is eligible for registration or enrolment under the
provisions of this Act. Registration of
persons qualified
outside Tanzania
Maintenance
of Register
of persons
provisionally
registered
Temporary
registration

ons of this Act. Registration of
persons qualified
outside Tanzania
Maintenance
of Register
of persons
provisionally
registered
Temporary
registration

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(2) Without prejudice to the provisions of subsection (1),
a person intending to be temporarily enrolled shall, together
with an application form, submit to the Registrar-
(a) a certified certificate of full registration issued by a
recognised body established in a country in which he
practiced;
(b) a certified certificate of good standing issued in the
country in which he last practiced;
(c) testimonials offered to him by the institution or
established institutions in which he last practiced; and
(d) a curriculum vitae. (3) A person temporarily enrolled shall not establish and
operate any optometry facility or clinic. (4) Registration of person under this section shall remain
valid in so far as that person is in the employment in respect
of which a temporary registration was issued and shall cease
upon termination of such employment. (5) Temporary registration granted under this Act shall be
for a period of three years but may be renewed.

cease
upon termination of such employment. (5) Temporary registration granted under this Act shall be
for a period of three years but may be renewed.

(b) Enrolment
18.–(1) There shall be the Roll of Ophthalmic Opticians which
shall be kept and maintained by the Registrar. (2) A person shall be entitled to be enrolled as Ophthalmic
Optician if-
(a) he has successfully completed a course of study leading
to an award of a certificate in Ophthalmic Optics; or
(b) he produces evidence to the satisfaction for the Council
that he is certified or enrolled or that he has been and
is still entitled to be certified or enrolled as Ophthalmic
Optician in any country for the time being prescribed
in regulation made under this Act. (3) The Roll shall contain names, addresses, qualifications
and other particulars of Ophthalmic Opticians entitled for
enrolment. Qualifications
for enrolment
as Ophthalmic
Optician

s, addresses, qualifications
and other particulars of Ophthalmic Opticians entitled for
enrolment. Qualifications
for enrolment
as Ophthalmic
Optician

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
19.–(1) A person who wishes to be enrolled under this Act shall
submit an application in the prescribed form to the Registrar. (2) An application under subsection (1), shall be
accompanied by-
(a) a certified copy or copies of certificates for academic
qualifications;
(b) an application fee as may be prescribed; and
(c) such other documents containing information as may
be required by the Council. (3) The Registrar shall, after receiving an application, refer
the application together with his recommendation to the
Council for consideration and determination. (4) The Council may, after consideration of the matter-
(a) approve the application and direct the Registrar to
enroll the applicant; or
(b) reject an application and direct the Registrar to inform
the applicant accordingly stating the reasons for the
Council’s decision.

e applicant; or
(b) reject an application and direct the Registrar to inform
the applicant accordingly stating the reasons for the
Council’s decision.

20.–(1) A person who is not a citizen of Tanzania shall be
entitled to a temporary enrolment if he satisfies the Council
that-
(a) he is not ordinarily a resident in Tanzania;
(b) he is or intends to be employed in Tanzania in the
capacity for which he is applying for the express
purpose of carrying out specific assignment in research
or teaching; and
(c) he is or immediately before entering Tanzania was in
practice as Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician and
that he is eligible for registration or enrolment under
the provisions of this Act. (2) Without prejudice to the provisions of subsection (1),
a person intending to be temporarily enrolled shall, together
with an application form, submit to the Registrar-
(a) a certified certificate of full registration issued by a
recognised body established in a country in which he
practiced;
Procedures for
enrolment
Temporary
enrolment

tificate of full registration issued by a
recognised body established in a country in which he
practiced;
Procedures for
enrolment
Temporary
enrolment

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(b) a certified certificate of good standing issued in the
country in which he last practiced;
(c) testimonials offered to him by the institution or
established institutions in which he last practiced; and
(d) a curriculum vitae. (3) A person temporarily enrolled shall not establish and
operate any optometry facility or clinic. (4) Enrolment of person under this section shall remain
valid in so far as that person is in the employment in respect of
which a temporary enrolment was issued and shall cease upon
termination of such employment. PART IV
CANCELLATION AND SUSPENSION
21. The Council may, subject to section 25 and if it is satisfied that
terms and conditions of registration or enrolment have been
breached-
(a) cancel or suspend the certificate; and
(b) direct the Registrar to-
(i) notify the person whose certificate has been
cancelled requiring him to stop practicing; or
(ii) remove the name of the person whose certificate
has been cancelled from the Register or Roll.

been
cancelled requiring him to stop practicing; or
(ii) remove the name of the person whose certificate
has been cancelled from the Register or Roll.

22.–(1) Where a registered or enrolled person is in violation of
the terms and conditions of his registration or enrolment, the
Registrar shall, on the direction of the Council, serve to that
person a notice in writing specifying the nature of default. (2) Upon receipt of the notice under subsection (1), the
person to whom the notice is served shall within the time
specified in the notice make representation in writing to the
Registrar on the rectification of the default. (3) Where the person under subsection (2) fails to rectify
the default within the time specified in the notice or fails to
make representation satisfactory to the Registrar, the Registrar
Cancellation or
suspension of
certificates
Procedure for
cancellation or
suspension

o
make representation satisfactory to the Registrar, the Registrar
Cancellation or
suspension of
certificates
Procedure for
cancellation or
suspension

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
shall recommend to the Council for cancellation or suspension
of the certificate issued to that person. (4) The Council shall, if it is satisfied with the
recommendations made under subsection (3), direct the
Registrar to cancel or suspend the Certificate of Registration
or Enrolment. 23.–(1) A person whose certificate has been cancelled or
suspended may be required to apply for reinstatement of his
registration or enrolment to the Registrar within the period of
six months from the date of cancellation or suspension. (2) Where the person under subsection (1) fails with
good cause to submit an application for reinstatement of his
registration or enrolment within the period of six months,
the Council may direct that such person be reinstated in the
Register or Roll after passing an examination or paying a
penalty fee as may be determined by the Council. PART V
INQUIRIES AND APPEALS
24.–(1) The Registrar shall receive all complaints submitted to
the Council against any Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician.

RT V
INQUIRIES AND APPEALS
24.–(1) The Registrar shall receive all complaints submitted to
the Council against any Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician.

(2) Every complainant shall be required to give all necessary
information in relation to the complaint in question. 25.–(1) The Council may, on its absolute discretion, initiate
any preliminary inquiry on an Optometrist or Ophthalmic
Optician if it is satisfied that information received by it would
warrant the conduct of preliminary inquiry. (2) Where the Registrar is satisfied in view of the nature of
the complaint and representation made by an Optometrist or
Ophthalmic Optician that holding of the preliminary inquiry
is necessary, he shall submit to the Council all necessary
information received and shall make recommendations to the
effect that preliminary inquiry be held by the Council. Reinstatement
Receipt of
complaint by
Registrar
Conduct of
preliminary
inquiry

ndations to the
effect that preliminary inquiry be held by the Council. Reinstatement
Receipt of
complaint by
Registrar
Conduct of
preliminary
inquiry

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THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(3) In conducting a preliminary inquiry, the Registrar shall
be accompanied by at least two persons not being members of
the Council appointed by the Council to assist him to collect
evidence. (4) Where the Registrar has completed preliminary inquiry
he shall report to the Council and upon being satisfied with
the evidence collected it shall decide whether or not to hold
the inquiry. (5) Procedures for conducting inquiry shall be as may be
prescribed in the regulations. 26.–(1) A decision of the Council with respect to application
for registration, enrolment, de-registration or removal from the
Register or Roll shall be stated categorically and the reasons for
such decision shall be given as may enable a person in respect
of whom a decision has been made understand the nature of
the decision. (2) A decision of the Council shall be communicated to a
person concerned by a registered mail. (3) A person aggrieved by the decision of the Council may
appeal to the Minister.

il shall be communicated to a
person concerned by a registered mail. (3) A person aggrieved by the decision of the Council may
appeal to the Minister.

PART VI
DUTIES OF OPTOMETRISTS AND
OPHTHALMIC OPTICIANS
27.–(1) It shall be the duty of every Optometrist and Ophthalmic
Optician to attend their patients with clear knowledge, skills
and right attitude. (2) A person registered or enrolled under this Act, shall be
in breach of principles of professional conduct and personal
behaviors if-
(a) he neglects or disregards professional responsibilities
to patients with respect to their care and treatment;
(b) he abuses professional privileges or skills;
Council’s
decisions and
appeals
Duties of
Optometrists
and Ophthalmic
Optician

ir care and treatment;
(b) he abuses professional privileges or skills;
Council’s
decisions and
appeals
Duties of
Optometrists
and Ophthalmic
Optician

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.358
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(c) his personal behavior and conduct are derogatory to
the reputation of the profession;
(d) he disparages his professional colleagues; or
(e) he associates with unqualified persons in discharging
his professional duties and carrying out his professional
responsibilities. (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), it
shall be the responsibility of any Optometrist and Ophthalmic
Optician to abide by the code of conduct as may be prescribed. 28.–(1) A person shall not own or manage an optometry clinic
or facility in accordance with the provisions of this Act unless-
(a) that person is a fully registered Optometrist;
(b) he is an Ophthalmologist; or
(c) he is enrolled as an Ophthalmic Optician with experience
of not less than three years. (2) An organisation shall not own or manage an optometry
clinic or facility in accordance with the provisions of this Act
unless it is an approved organisation. 29.

ation shall not own or manage an optometry
clinic or facility in accordance with the provisions of this Act
unless it is an approved organisation. 29.

A person shall not be allowed to operate an optometry
facility or clinic within the hospital, dispensary, clinic or any
other health facility without prior obtaining registration in
accordance with the provisions of this Act. PART VII
FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
30.–(1) The funds and resources of the Council shall consist
of-
(a) the sums of money as may be appropriated by the
Parliament;
(b) proceeds derived from sale of Council’s property;
(c) all fees payable under this Act;
(d) such donations, grants, bequeaths or loans as the
Council may receive from any person or organisations;
and
Ownership and
management of
optometry facility
and optometry
clinic
Conditions
to operate
optometry
facility or clinic
in hospitals,
health centers,
dispensary, etc. Funds of Council

metry facility
and optometry
clinic
Conditions
to operate
optometry
facility or clinic
in hospitals,
health centers,
dispensary, etc. Funds of Council

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.359
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(e) any other income identified by the Council and legally
obtained. (2) The funds and resources of the Council shall be applied
for the purposes for which the Council is established and in
accordance with the directions of the Council. (3) An expenditure shall not be made out of the funds of
the Council unless such expenditure has been approved by the
Council. (4) The Registrar shall keep proper audited accounts
and other records relating to or in respect of the funds and
resources of the Council. 31. The financial year of the Council shall be, in respect of the
first accounting period, the period starting from the date of
commencement of this Act and ending on 30th June and in
respect of the subsequent accounting period, twelve months
ending 30th June. 32.–(1) The Registrar shall, within a period of three months
before the end of each financial year, prepare and submit to the
Council for approval, estimates of income and expenditure of
the Council for the next ensuing financial year.

inancial year, prepare and submit to the
Council for approval, estimates of income and expenditure of
the Council for the next ensuing financial year.

(2) Upon approval of estimates by the Council, the Registrar
shall forward such estimates to the Minister for approval with
or without variation. 33. Members of the Council and the committees shall be paid
from the funds of the Council such allowances as the Minister
may determine. 34. The Council shall, within six months after the close of
the financial year, cause to be prepared and submitted to the
Minister a report dealing generally with the activities and
operations of the Council during that year accompanied by-
(a) a copy of the audited accounts of the Council;
(b) a copy of the auditor’s report on the accounts; and
(c) such other information as the Minister may direct. Financial year
of Council
Estimates of
income and
expenditure of
Council
Remuneration
of members of
Council
Annual report

as the Minister may direct. Financial year
of Council
Estimates of
income and
expenditure of
Council
Remuneration
of members of
Council
Annual report

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.360
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
35. The Minister shall, as soon as practicable after receiving the
document referred to under section 34, lay before the National
Assembly the audited accounts of the Council, together with
the auditor’s report on the accounts and the annual report of
the Council. PART VIII
OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
36.–(1) A person who practices as an Optometrist or
Ophthalmic Optician without being registered or enrolled,
commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a
fine of not less than one million shillings but not exceeding
two million shillings or to imprisonment for a term of two
years or to both. (2) A person who owns an optometry facility or optometry
clinic contrary to the provisions of this Act, commits an offence
and on conviction shall be liable to a fine of not less than one
million shillings but not exceeding five million shillings or to
imprisonment for a term of five years or to both.

able to a fine of not less than one
million shillings but not exceeding five million shillings or to
imprisonment for a term of five years or to both.

(3) In addition to the penalty which may be imposed in
pursuance to the provisions of subsections (1) and (2), the
trial court may order that any drugs, medicines, corrective
lenses, retinoscopes, trial frames, slit lamps, keratometer, trial
cases, tools, machinery or any other ophthalmic diagnostic
instruments or appliances used by or belonging to or found
in possession of a person convicted be forfeited, destroyed or
otherwise disposed of. 37. A person registered or enrolled under this Act who allows,
associates or otherwise causes a person who is not registered
or enrolled as such to practice as Optometrist or Ophthalmic
Optician, commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable
to a fine of not less than five hundred thousand shillings but
not exceeding one million shillings or to imprisonment for a
term of five years or to both. Laying of
accounts
before National
Assembly
Offences for
illegal practicing
Prohibition

llings or to imprisonment for a
term of five years or to both. Laying of
accounts
before National
Assembly
Offences for
illegal practicing
Prohibition

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.361
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
38. A person who-
(a) procures or attempts to procure registration or
enrollment by production of any false or fraudulent
statement or document; or
(b) deliberately makes or causes to be made any falsification
in any matter relating to the Register or Roll;
(c) assist or aids any person to commit any of the acts
prescribed under this section,
commits an offence. 39.–(1) An Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician who-
(a) having been summoned by the Council fails-
(i) to attend before the Council; or
(ii) without reasonable excuse to produce any book or
documents which he is required to produce;
(b) without lawful excuse, refuse to answer any question
put to him in the cause of the proceedings of the
Council; or
(c) fails to observe or breaches any other provisions of this
Act,
commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a
fine of not less than five hundred thousand shillings but not
exceeding one million shillings.

mmits an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a
fine of not less than five hundred thousand shillings but not
exceeding one million shillings.

(2) A manufacturer, distributor, supplier or approved
organisation which-
(a) manufactures, distributes and supplies optometry
appliances which do not meet Council’s prescribed
standards;
(b) willfully and falsely use any name or label implying a
quality of a product;
(c) manufactures, supplies and distributes optometry
appliances and instruments without being approved by
the Council; or
(d) sells optical appliances to non-Optometrist, Ophthalmic
Optician, Ophthalmologist or approved organisation
or institution,
Procurement of
illegal registration
or enrollment
General penalty

trist, Ophthalmic
Optician, Ophthalmologist or approved organisation
or institution,
Procurement of
illegal registration
or enrollment
General penalty

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.362
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a
fine not less than one million shillings but not exceeding
five million shillings or to imprisonment for a term of not less
than six months but not exceeding one year or to both. 40.–(1) A person shall not sell or supply any optical appliances
unless the sale is effected by-
(a) the supervision of an Ophthalmologist, a registered
Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician; or
(b) a prescription made by an Ophthalmologist, a registered
Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician in an optometry
facility or optometry clinic. (2) A person who contravenes the provisions of subsection
(1), commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a
fine not exceeding ten million shillings or to an imprisonment
for a term not exceeding five years.

an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a
fine not exceeding ten million shillings or to an imprisonment
for a term not exceeding five years.

PART IX
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
41.–(1) Where the Registrar or any person appointed by
the Council is satisfied, in relation to any person who is not
ordinarily a resident in Tanzania, such a person-
(a) holds a certificate which furnishes a sufficient guarantee
of the possession by him of the requisite knowledge
and skill for the efficient practice of optometry or
ophthalmic optics;
(b) has sufficient practical experience for the efficient
practice of optometry or ophthalmic optics;
(c) satisfies all conditions specified under section 18;
(d) desires to provide optometry or ophthalmic services
upon a patient or patients; or
(e) has a letter of good standing from optometry regulatory
authority of a country in which he attained the
qualification,
Restriction on
sale and supply of
optical appliances
Letter of
authorisation
for visiting
Optometrists
or Ophthalmic
Opticians

ined the
qualification,
Restriction on
sale and supply of
optical appliances
Letter of
authorisation
for visiting
Optometrists
or Ophthalmic
Opticians

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.363
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
he may, after consultation with the Council, grant a letter
authorising that person to render optometry or ophthalmic
optical services to a patient or patients specified in such a letter. (2) A person holding a letter of authorisation issued under
subsection (1), shall be deemed to be duly registered or enrolled
as an Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician in relation to the
services provided to the patient or patients named in the letter. (3) The letter of authorisation issued under subsection (1)
shall be valid for a period of three months from the date of
issuance.

amed in the letter. (3) The letter of authorisation issued under subsection (1)
shall be valid for a period of three months from the date of
issuance.

42.–(1) The Registrar may, on his own motion or on the
instruction of the Council, in writing request any Optometrist
or Ophthalmic Optician who is applying for registration or
enrollment under this Act to furnish all or any information
regarding-
(a) possession of further qualifications guaranteeing
eligibility for registration as applied by him;
(b) if employed, whether he is in private practice or is in
the employment of any organisation or institution;
(c) the name of the organisation or institution by which he
is employed; and
(d) any issue which is necessary for facilitating registration
or enrollment. (2) An Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician who receives a
request for any such additional information shall comply with
such request. 43. Notwithstanding any provision relating to applications
which may be made under this Act, the Registrar shall process
application submitted to him within ninety days from the
date of lodging the application and forward to the Council for
determination. 44. Every person who is registered, enrolled or granted a letter
of authorisation in pursuance to this Act shall be issued with a
certificate as may be prescribed.

son who is registered, enrolled or granted a letter
of authorisation in pursuance to this Act shall be issued with a
certificate as may be prescribed.

Registrar may
call for further
information
Consideration of
applications
Issuance of
certificates

Registrar may
call for further
information
Consideration of
applications
Issuance of
certificates

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.364
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
45.–(1) All optometry facilities and clinics shall be supervised
and inspected by the Registrar or any other officer appointed
by the Council. (2) Where, during the carrying out of inspection, the
Registrar or any other officer duly appointed makes a finding
that an approved person in respect of whose optometry facility
or clinic inspection has been done is conducting himself in
a manner derogatory of or incompatible with the optometry
profession, he shall make a report disclosing such findings to
the Council. 46. No matter or thing done or omitted to be done by the
Council, committees, the Registrar or any other person
empowered to perform any function under this Act shall,
if done or omitted to be done in good faith in execution or
purported execution of his functions under this Act, render the
Council, committees, the Registrar or such any other person,
personally liable for the matter or thing done. 47.–(1) The seal of the Council shall be kept under the custody
of the Registrar.

ch any other person,
personally liable for the matter or thing done. 47.–(1) The seal of the Council shall be kept under the custody
of the Registrar.

(2) The affixing of the seal of the Council on any document
shall be authenticated by the signature of the Chairman and
the Registrar. (3) A document purporting to be an instrument issued by
the Council and authenticated in the manner provided for
under subsection (2) shall be deemed to be a valid instrument
and admissible in evidence. 48.–(1) The Minister may, after consultation with the Council,
appoint such registered or enrolled persons or other persons to
be supervisory authorities at district and regional levels. (2) Persons appointed under subsection (1), shall perform
supervisory functions over Optometrists, Ophthalmic
Opticians and facilities within their respective districts or
regions. Inspection of
optometry facility
and optometry
clinics
Limitation of
liability
Seal of Council
Appointment
of supervisory
authorities

icts or
regions. Inspection of
optometry facility
and optometry
clinics
Limitation of
liability
Seal of Council
Appointment
of supervisory
authorities

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.365
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
49.–(1) The Minister may make regulations generally providing
for the better carrying out of the provisions of this Act.

METRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
49.–(1) The Minister may make regulations generally providing
for the better carrying out of the provisions of this Act.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), the
Minister may make regulations-
(a) regulating the practice of Optometrists, Ophthalmic
Opticians, approved persons and approved organisations;
(b) prescribing procedures for conducting inquiry;
(c) prescribing qualification, which shall be recognised
as entitling the holder for registration or enrollment
under this Act;
(d) prescribing procedures for registration and enrolment
under this Act;
(e) prescribing ethics in the practice of the Optometry and
Ophthalmic Optician profession;
(f) prescribing rules regulating the standards of
professional conduct for Optometrists and Ophthalmic
Opticians or with respect to optometry profession;
(g) prescribing the supply and fitting of contact lenses
by registered Optometrists or enrolled Ophthalmic
Opticians;
(h) prescribing various forms to be used under this Act;
(i) prescribing fees and other charges;
(j) prescribing procedure for appeals under this Act;
(k) prescribing the functions of the committees established
under this Act;
(l) prescribing conditions for the licensing of optometry
facilities and clinics;
(m) prescribing conditions and procedures for optometry
investment by foreigners in the country;
(n) prescribing conditions for retaining the names of
registered Optometrist or enrolled Ophthalmic
Optician:
(o) prescribing procedure for supervision at the regional
and district levels; and
(p) any matter which is permitted or required by this Act
to be prescribed.

cribing procedure for supervision at the regional
and district levels; and
(p) any matter which is permitted or required by this Act
to be prescribed.

Regulations

Regulations

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.366
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(3) The Minister may, after consultation with the Council,
prescribe the code of conduct and ethics to be observed by
Optometrists and Ophthalmic Opticians. (4) The code of conduct and ethics made under subsection
(3), shall be published in the Gazette. 50.–(1) [Repeals the Opticians Act]
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1)-
(a) all rules made under the repealed Act shall, in so far
as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this
Act, remain in force until they are revoked;
(b) anything done or any action taken or purported to
have been done or taken under the repealed Act shall
be treated as if they have been done or taken under
this Act.

or any action taken or purported to
have been done or taken under the repealed Act shall
be treated as if they have been done or taken under
this Act.

SCHEDULE
(Made under section 4(3))
APPOINTMENT, COMPOSITION AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL
1.–(1) The Council shall consist of members namely-
(a) a Chairman who shall be appointed by the Minister;
(b) two members representing Optometrists or Ophthalmic
Optician from the public sector;
(c) one member representing Optometrist or Ophthalmic
Optician from private sector;
(d) one Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician from private
hospitals;
(e) one Optometrist or Ophthalmic Optician from voluntary
agencies;
(f) the president of the Tanzania Optometry Association;
(g) the Director responsible for preventive services in the
Ministry of Health;
(h) the Principal from the School of Optometry;
(i) the representative from the Medical Council of Tanganyika;
(j) Law Officer representing the Office of the Attorney General;
and
(k) one representative from the consumers. Repeal and
savings
Act No. 9 of 1966
Composition
of Council and
tenure of office

the Attorney General;
and
(k) one representative from the consumers. Repeal and
savings
Act No. 9 of 1966
Composition
of Council and
tenure of office

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.367
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
(2) The members of the Council shall be appointed by the Minister. (3) A member of the Council shall, unless he resigns or his appoint-
ment is revoked by the Minister, hold office for a period of three years
from the date of appointment and shall be eligible for re-appointment. (4) A person who is a member by virtue of his office shall cease to
be a member upon ceasing to hold office in respect of which he is a
member of the Council. (5) The Minister may fill any casual vacancy occurring in the mem-
bership, and may revoke any appointment of any member, and appoint
a replacement in accordance with the system of representation con-
tained in subparagraph (1). 2.–(1) The Members shall elect a Vice-Chairman of the Council from
amongst their number. (2) The Vice-Chairman shall, subject to his continuing to be mem-
ber, hold office for a term of three years from the date of his election, but
shall be eligible for re-election.

subject to his continuing to be mem-
ber, hold office for a term of three years from the date of his election, but
shall be eligible for re-election.

3.–(1) The Council shall ordinarily meet at such times and places as it
deems necessary for transaction of its business, but shall meet at least
once in every six months. (2) The Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman, may at any
time call a special meeting of the Council, upon a written request by the
majority of the members in office. (3) The Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman, shall pre-
side at every meeting of the Council and in the absence of both the
Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, the members present shall appoint
a member from amongst themselves to preside over the meeting. 4. Where a member of the Council who is a member by virtue of his
office is unable for any reason to attend any meeting of the Council he
may nominate another person from his organisation to represent him
in the meeting. 5. The quorum at any meeting of the Council shall be half of the
members in office.

ther person from his organisation to represent him
in the meeting. 5. The quorum at any meeting of the Council shall be half of the
members in office.

6.–(1) Subject to subparagraph (2), matters proposed to be deliberated
upon at a meeting of the Council shall be decided by a majority of the
votes of the members present and voting, in the event of an equality of
votes, the person presiding over the meeting shall have a casting vote in
addition to his deliberative vote. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (1), where the
Chairman so directs a decision may be made by the Council without a
meeting by circulation of the relevant papers among the members, and
the expression of the views of the members in writing, shall constitute
Election of
Vice-Chairman
Meeting of
Council
Absent members
to be represented
Quorum
Decision of
Council

s of the members in writing, shall constitute
Election of
Vice-Chairman
Meeting of
Council
Absent members
to be represented
Quorum
Decision of
Council

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.368
THE OPTOMETRY ACT [CAP. 23 R.E. 2023]
the decision of the Council, but any member may require that the de-
cision be deferred and the subject matter be considered at a meeting of
the Council. 7.–(1) The Secretary shall record and keep minutes of all business
conducted or transacted at the meeting, and the minutes of each
meeting of the Council shall be read and confirmed or corrected and
confirmed at the next meeting of the Council and signed by the person
presiding over the meeting and the Secretary. (2) Minutes of the Council purporting to be signed by a person pre-
siding over the meeting and the Secretary shall in the absence of proof
of error be deemed to be a correct record of the meeting which the
minutes purport to be. 8. Any act or proceedings of the Council shall not be invalid by reason
of existence of any vacancy amongst its members or by reason of any
defect in the appointment of any member. 9. Subject to the provisions of this Schedule, the Council may regulate
its proceedings. 10.

by reason of any
defect in the appointment of any member. 9. Subject to the provisions of this Schedule, the Council may regulate
its proceedings. 10.

A document purporting to be made under the hand of the Registrar
with respect to the decision or any resolution of the Council and having
been issued on behalf of the Council, shall be receivable in all courts
of law or tribunals or other bodies authorised to receive evidence and
shall, unless the contrary intention is shown, be deemed and without
further proof, to be sufficient evidence of what is contained in that
document. Minutes of
meetings
Validity of
proceedings
Council may
regulate its own
proceedings
Proof of
documents