The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act

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CHAPTER 431
THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT
[PRINCIPAL LEGISLATION]
Arrangement of Sections
Section Title
part i
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
1. Short title.
2. Application.
3. Interpretation.
part ii
GENERAL DUTIES
4. General duties.
5. Ministry to promote safety measures and precautions.
6. Roles of sectors.
part iii
PUBLIC EDUCATION AND PROGRAMMES ON HIV AND AIDS
7. Public education and programmes on HIV and AIDS.
8. Dissemination of HIV and AIDS information.
9. HIV and AIDS education in work place.
10. Training of health practitioners.
11. Donation of tissues, organs, blood or blood products.
12. Surgical, dental and similar procedures.
part iv
TESTING AND COUNSELLING
13. HIV testing.
14. Counselling.
15. Prohibition of compulsory HIV testing.
16. Test results.
17. HIV self-testing.
18. Responsibilities of person providing or distributing self testing kits.

ibition of compulsory HIV testing.
16. Test results.
17. HIV self-testing.
18. Responsibilities of person providing or distributing self testing kits.

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78
19. Quality and standards of self-testing kits. 20. Methods of self-testing. 21. Offences under this Part. part v
CONFIDENTIALITY
22. Medical confidentiality. 23. Exceptions to confidentiality. part vi
HEALTH AND SUPPORT SERVICES
24. Basic health services to persons living with HIV. 25. Programmes on survival, life skills and palliative services. 26. Prevention of transmission. 27. Prevention and control of STIs. 28. Condoms. 29. Access to health care facility. 30. Prevention of transmission from mother to child. 31. Post exposure prophylaxis. 32. Misleading information or statement. part vii
STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
33. Prohibition of discriminatory laws, policies and practices. 34. Restriction of health practitioners to stigmatise or discriminate. 35. Prohibition of other forms of discrimination. 36. Prohibition of stigma and discrimination. 37. Offences relating to stigma and discrimination. part viii
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV
38.

tion of stigma and discrimination. 37. Offences relating to stigma and discrimination. part viii
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV
38.

Rights and obligations of persons living with HIV, orphans, etc. 39. Access to education and basic health care services. 40. Prohibition of misuse of aid by NGOs, FBOs, CBOs, public institutions
and private organisations.

cess to education and basic health care services. 40. Prohibition of misuse of aid by NGOs, FBOs, CBOs, public institutions
and private organisations.

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
part ix
ESTABLISHMENT OF RESEARCH COMMITTEE
41. National HIV and AIDS Research Fellowship Committee.
42. Functions of Committee.
43. Ethics clearance.
44. Research by international teams.
45. Research monitoring.
46. Vaccine trials and research on persons.
47. Dissemination of research findings.
part x
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
48. Monitoring.
49. Reporting by health care facility.
50. Diagnoses and reporting.
part xi
OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
51. Offences relating to breach of confidentiality.
52. Offences relating to spreading HIV.
53. Offences relating to breach of safe practices leading to spreading HIV.
54. Penalty for offence relating to obstruction.
55. General penalty.
part xii
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
56. Complaints.
57. Regulations.
58. Prohibition of compulsion.
59. Amendment of Schedule.
SCHEDULE

General penalty.
part xii
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
56. Complaints.
57. Regulations.
58. Prohibition of compulsion.
59. Amendment of Schedule.
SCHEDULE

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PART I
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
1. This Act may be cited as the HIV and AIDS (Prevention and
Control) Act. 2. This Act shall apply to Mainland Tanzania. 3. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-
“AIDS” means Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome,
which is a condition characterised by a combination of
signs and symptoms, caused by HIV which attacks and
weakens the body’s immune system, making the afflicted
individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections;
“AIDS Committee” has the meaning ascribed to it under the
Tanzania Commission for AIDS Act;
“ARVs” means Anti Retroviral Drugs;
“CBO” means a Community Based Organisation;
“child” for the purposes of HIV testing under this Act, means
a person below the age of fifteen;
Short title
Application
Interpretation
Act No. 14 of 2019 ss. 14
and 15
Cap.

s of HIV testing under this Act, means
a person below the age of fifteen;
Short title
Application
Interpretation
Act No. 14 of 2019 ss. 14
and 15
Cap.

379
CHAPTER 431
THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT
An Act to provide for prevention, treatment, care, support and control
of HIV and AIDS, for promotion of public health in relation to HIV
and AIDS; to provide for appropriate treatment, care and support using
available resources to people living with or at risk of HIV and AIDS and
to provide for related matters. [1st January, 2009]
[GN. No. 394 of 2008]
Acts Nos. 2 of 2008
14 of 2019

le living with or at risk of HIV and AIDS and
to provide for related matters. [1st January, 2009]
[GN. No. 394 of 2008]
Acts Nos. 2 of 2008
14 of 2019

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E.

erved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.81
THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E.

2023]
“Committee” means the National HIV and AIDS Research
Fellowship Committee established under section 41;
“COSTECH” means Commission for Science and Technology
established by the Tanzania Commission for Science and
Technology Act;
“court” means the High Court and courts subordinate
thereto with exception to primary court;
“FBO” means a Faith Based Organisation;
“heath practitioner” means any person trained to care for
patients;
“HIV negative” means absence of HIV or HIV antibodies
upon HIV testing;
“HIV positive” means presence of HIV infection as
documented by the presence of HIV or HIV antibodies
in the sample being tested;
“HIV self-testing” means the process of a person collecting
his own specimen, oral fluid or blood, performing a test
and interpreting the results in a private setting, either
alone or with someone he trusts;
“HIV testing” means any laboratory procedure done on an
individual to determine the presence or absence of HIV
infection;
“HIV transmission” means the transfer of HIV from one
infected person to an uninfected person, most commonly
through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing of
intravenous needles, during pregnancy or breast feeding;
“HIV and AIDS monitoring and evaluation framework”
means documentation and analysis of the number of HIV
and AIDS infections and the pattern of its spread;
“HIV and AIDS prevention and control” means measures
aimed at protecting non-infected person from contracting
HIV and minimising the impact of the condition of
persons living with HIV;
“Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)” means the virus
which causes AIDS;
Cap.

V and minimising the impact of the condition of
persons living with HIV;
“Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)” means the virus
which causes AIDS;
Cap.

226

226

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reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E.

2023]
82
“informed consent” means the voluntary agreement of a
person to undergo or be subjected to a procedure based
on full information, whether such agreement is written,
conveyed verbally or indirectly expressed;
“learning institution” includes primary and secondary
schools, colleges, universities and other higher learning
institutions;
“local government authority” means the local government
authority established under the Local Government (District
Authorities) Act and the Local Government (Urban
Authorities) Act;
“Minister” means the Minister responsible for health;
“Ministry” means the ministry responsible for health;
“NACP” means National AIDS Control Programme,
established within the Ministry;
“NGO” shall have the meaning ascribed to it under the
Non-Governmental Organisations Act;
“NIMR” means the National Institute for Medical Research
established by the National Institute for Medical
Research Act;
“positive prevention” means the provision of public health
promotion to persons living with HIV;
“Private Health Laboratory Board” has the meaning
ascribed to it under the Private Health Laboratories
(Regulation) Act;
“private health laboratory” shall have the meaning as
ascribed to it under the Private Health Laboratories
(Regulation) Act;
“private sector” includes informal sector;
“research incentives” means compensation for time or other
resources expended by a human subject participating or
taking part in a clinical trial;
“Secretary” means the Secretary to the Committee referred
to under section 41;
“sexual partner” means a person involved in sex;
Cap.

a clinical trial;
“Secretary” means the Secretary to the Committee referred
to under section 41;
“sexual partner” means a person involved in sex;
Cap.

287
Cap. 288
Cap. 56
Cap. 59
Cap. 136

287
Cap. 288
Cap. 56
Cap. 59
Cap. 136

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
“stigma” is an attitude of condescension or disrespect
towards another person because one knows or suspects
that person is infected with HIV, or because that person
has close relationship with a person known or suspected
to be infected with HIV;
“stigmatise” means-
(a) to vilify, or to incite hatred, ridicule or contempt
against a person or group of persons on the grounds
of an attribute of the person or of members of the
group living with HIV, by publication, distribution or
dissemination to the public; or
(b) the making of any communication to the public, including
any arctic or gesture, that is threatening, abusive, insulting,
degrading, demeaning, defamatory, disrespectful,
embarrassing, critical, provocative or offensive;
“STIs” means Sexually Transmitted Infections; and
“TACAIDS” means the Tanzania Commission for AIDS
established under the Tanzania Commission for AIDS Act.

s” means Sexually Transmitted Infections; and
“TACAIDS” means the Tanzania Commission for AIDS
established under the Tanzania Commission for AIDS Act.

PART II
GENERAL DUTIES
4.–(1) Every person, institution and organisation living,
registered or operating in Tanzania shall, be under the general
duty to-
(a) promote public awareness on causes, modes of
transmission, consequences, prevention and control of
HIV and AIDS;
(b) reduce;
(i) the spread of HIV and AIDS;
(ii) prevalence of STIs in the population; and
(iii) adverse effects of HIV and AIDS;
(c) protect rights of the orphans by-
(i) providing health care and social services;
(ii) prohibiting compulsory HIV testing unless
provided for under this Act; and
(iii) fighting stigma and discrimination;
Cap. 379
General duties
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14

pulsory HIV testing unless
provided for under this Act; and
(iii) fighting stigma and discrimination;
Cap. 379
General duties
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14

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84
(d) discourage negative traditions and usages which may
enhance HIV and AIDS spread in the community;
(e) promote all traditions and usages which may reduce
the transmission and prevalence of the infection in the
community; and
(f) increase access, care and support to persons living with
HIV from community or health care facilities. (2) The Government, political, religious, traditional leaders
and employers in the private sector shall-
(a) integrate or prioritise on HIV and AIDS in their
proceedings and public appearances; and
(b) advocate against stigma and discrimination of people
living with HIV.

prioritise on HIV and AIDS in their
proceedings and public appearances; and
(b) advocate against stigma and discrimination of people
living with HIV.

(3) Every person, institution, organisation, Government,
political, religious, traditional leaders and employers in the
private sector discharging a duty under subsections (1) and (2)
shall be under obligation to consult or liaise with TACAIDS
for purposes of ensuring that resources are evenly distributed
within Tanzania in order to-
(a) avoid concentration of such resources in one
geographical area; and
(b) initiate pre-informed activities intended to prevent and
control HIV and AIDS. 5. The Ministry shall promote utmost safety and universal
precautions in invasive medical or non-medical practices and
procedures in order to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV
and AIDS. 6.–(1) Every ministry, department, agency, local government
authority, parastatal organisation, institution whether public
or private, shall design and implement gender and disability
responsive HIV and AIDS plans in its respective area and such
plans shall be mainstreamed and implemented within the
activities of such sector. Ministry to
promote safety
measures and
precautions
Roles of sectors

plans shall be mainstreamed and implemented within the
activities of such sector. Ministry to
promote safety
measures and
precautions
Roles of sectors

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
(2) Every FBO shall undertake deliberate efforts in
prevention, care and control of HIV and AIDS through special
plans and programmes in its activities. (3) Civil societies and private organisations shall, in
collaboration with the Government, design and implement
plans and programmes aimed at or geared towards prevention,
care of patients and control of HIV and AIDS in their respective
areas. (4) Every sector preparing a plan or programme under
this section shall, before implementation of such plan or
programme, submit them to TACAIDS for coordination and
advice. PART III
PUBLIC EDUCATION AND
PROGRAMMES ON HIV AND AIDS
7.–(1) It shall be the responsibility of the Ministry to consult
the respective local government authority and other relevant
stakeholders with a view to formulating education programmes
relating to prohibition of stigma and discrimination against
persons living with or taking care of patients living with HIV.

ting education programmes
relating to prohibition of stigma and discrimination against
persons living with or taking care of patients living with HIV.

(2) For purposes of this section the term “stakeholders”
includes the youths. 8.–(1) The Ministry, health practitioners, workers in the
public and private sectors and NGOs shall, for the purpose of
providing HIV and AIDS education to the public, disseminate
information regarding HIV and AIDS to the public. (2) Dissemination of HIV and AIDS education and
information shall form part of the delivery of health care
services by health practitioners and workers in the public and
private sectors. (3) Every institution providing HIV and AIDS information
whether public or private shall ensure that the information to
the public is provided in appropriate format, technology and is
accessible to disabled persons. Public education
and programmes
on HIV and AIDS
Act No. 14 of 2019 ss. 14
and 16
Dissemination of
HIV and AIDS
information

ssible to disabled persons. Public education
and programmes
on HIV and AIDS
Act No. 14 of 2019 ss. 14
and 16
Dissemination of
HIV and AIDS
information

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86
9. Every employer in consultation with the Ministry shall
establish and coordinate a workplace programme on HIV and
AIDS for employees under his control and such programme
shall include provision of gender responsive HIV and AIDS
education, distribution of condoms and support to people
living with HIV. 10. The Ministry shall, for the purpose of ensuring prevention
and control of HIV and AIDS to the public, develop and
conduct programmes to train health practitioners on universal
precaution measures on HIV/AIDS and STIs and treatment
procedures and such programmes shall, using available
resoures be adopted by health institutions. 11.–(1) A person may on his own motion, volunteer to donate
a tissue, organ, blood or blood products to the recognised
laboratory or institution. (2) A laboratory or institution shall not accept a donation
of tissue or organ, whether such donation is gratuitous or not,
unless a sample from the donor has tested negative for HIV.

hall not accept a donation
of tissue or organ, whether such donation is gratuitous or not,
unless a sample from the donor has tested negative for HIV.

(3) A laboratory or institution shall not transfuse blood
or blood products whether such blood or blood products
are donated gratuitously or not, unless a sample from that
donation has tested negative for HIV. (4) Any blood, blood product, tissue or organ which has
been tested positive for HIV shall be disposed of immediately
and properly. (5) A person who contravenes the provisions of this section,
commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable-
(a) in case of an individual, to a fine of not less than
two hundred thousand shillings but not exceeding
one million shillings or to imprisonment for a term
of not less than six months but not exceeding twelve
months; or
(b) in case of a laboratory or an institution, to a fine not
less than five million shillings but not exceeding ten
million shillings. HIV and AIDS
education in
work place
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Training of health
practitioners
Donation of
tissues, organs,
blood or blood
products

s. HIV and AIDS
education in
work place
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Training of health
practitioners
Donation of
tissues, organs,
blood or blood
products

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
12.–(1) Every health practitioner shall during surgical, dental
and similar procedures have a duty to ensure that-
(a) parenteral exposure (sharp objects) are handled with
care during performance of any procedure;
(b) at all levels of health care, delivery services, and in case
of accident, he uses the necessary tools such as gloves,
goggles and gowns;
(c) he handles and disposes off used syringes and other
material used in blood testing; and
(d) he handles and disposes off in an appropriate manner
body fluids or wastes of persons known or believed to
be infected with HIV. (2) A person who is the owner, manager or the in charge of
health care facility shall have a duty to ensure-
(a) the provision of post exposure prophylaxis;
(b) the provision of necessary tools such as gloves, goggles
and gowns; and
(c) appropriate handling and disposition of used syringes,
materials used in blood testing and body fluids or
wastes of persons known or believed to be infected
with HIV.

ling and disposition of used syringes,
materials used in blood testing and body fluids or
wastes of persons known or believed to be infected
with HIV.

(3) A person who contravenes the provisions of this section,
commits an offence and upon conviction he shall be liable to a
fine of not less than five hundred thousand shillings. PART IV
TESTING AND COUNSELLING
13.–(1) Except for HIV self-testing, for purposes of facilitating
HIV testing, every health care facility and voluntary counselling
and HIV testing centre recognised by the NACP shall be an
HIV testing center for the purpose of this Act. (2) The Private Health Laboratory Board may, by order
published in the Gazette, accredit any private laboratory to be
an HIV testing center. Surgical, dental
and similar
procedures
HIV testing
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 17

the Gazette, accredit any private laboratory to be
an HIV testing center. Surgical, dental
and similar
procedures
HIV testing
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 17

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88
(3) Every health practitioner performing or otherwise
involved in the performance of an HIV test shall take all
measures to ensure that-
(a) the testing process is carried out promptly and
efficiently; and
(b) the result of the HIV test is communicated in accordance
with this Act. (4) Except for HIV self-testing, HIV testing shall be
undergone or conducted in a health care or center recognised
by NACP. (5) For the purpose of this section “HIV testing centre”
includes any centre established in any place for the purpose of
HIV testing. 14. A person who is the owner, manager or incharge of a testing
center shall ensure that the center is physically accessible by
disabled persons and there is a trained and authorised person
to provide pre and post HIV test counselling to a person
undergoing HIV test, and where feasible, to any other person
likely to be affected by the results. 15.–(1) Every person residing in Tanzania may, on his own
motion, volunter to undergo HIV testing.

other person
likely to be affected by the results. 15.–(1) Every person residing in Tanzania may, on his own
motion, volunter to undergo HIV testing.

(2) A child or a person with inability to comprehend the
result may undergo HIV testing after a written consent of a
parent or recognised guardian. (3) A person shall not be compelled to undergo HIV testing. (4) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3),
consent shall not be required on HIV testing-
(a) under an order of the court;
(b) on the donor of human organs and tissues; and
(c) to sexual offenders. (5) Every pregnant woman and the man responsible for the
pregnancy or spouse and every person attending a health care
facility shall be counselled and offered voluntary HIV testing. Counselling
Prohibition of
compulsory
HIV testing

every person attending a health care
facility shall be counselled and offered voluntary HIV testing. Counselling
Prohibition of
compulsory
HIV testing

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
(6) All health practitioners, traditional and alternative health
practitioners, traditional birth attendants and any other person
attending patients shall be encouraged to undergo HIV testing. (7) A health practitioner who compels any person to undergo
HIV testing or procures HIV testing to another person without
the knowledge of that other person commits an offence. (8) Without prejudice to the preceding subsections, a
medical practitioner responsible for the treatment of a person
may undertake HIV test in respect of that person without the
consent of the person if-
(a) the person is unconscious and unable to give consent;
and
(b) the medical practitioner reasonably believes that such a
test is clinically necessary or desirable in the interest of
that person. 16.–(1) The results of an HIV test shall be confidential and
shall be released only to the person tested.

or desirable in the interest of
that person. 16.–(1) The results of an HIV test shall be confidential and
shall be released only to the person tested.

(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the results of an HIV
test may be released to-
(a) in case of a person below the age of eighteen years, a
parent, guardian or someone he trusts;
(b) in case of person with inability to comprehend the
results, his spouse or his recognised guardian;
(c) a spouse or a sexual partner of an HIV tested person; or
(d) the court, where applicable. 17.–(1) Notwithstanding other provisions of this Act, a person
may undertake self-testing in accordance with the procedures
provided for under this Part. (2) A person who undertakes self-testing or assists another
person to undertake self-testing shall ensure that-
(a) testing is voluntary;
(b) he undertakes or assists to undertake confirmation of
the results in a health facility or authorised HIV testing
services; and
(c) he disposes the used test kits in a proper manner. Test results
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 18
HIV self-testing
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19

g
services; and
(c) he disposes the used test kits in a proper manner. Test results
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 18
HIV self-testing
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19

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90
(3) A person below the age of eighteen years shall not
undertake self-testing or be provided with self-testing kits. [s. 16A]
18.–(1) A person shall not provide or supply self-testing
kits unless he has undergone training in HIV self-testing
recognised by the Ministry. (2) A person who provides or supplies self-testing kits shall,
before providing or supplying such kits-
(a) provide pre-testing counseling to the user in accordance
with the provisions of this Act;
(b) instruct the user on the proper procedures of HIV
self-testing and disposal of used self-testing kits;
(c) inform the user that HIV self-testing does not provide
definitive and conclusive diagnosis; and
(d) advise the user to visit a health facility or authorised
HIV testing services for confirmation of results. [s. 16B]
19. A person shall not use or supply self-testing kits unless the
kits are approved and registered by the authority responsible
for quality and standards control. [s. 16C]
20.

e or supply self-testing kits unless the
kits are approved and registered by the authority responsible
for quality and standards control. [s. 16C]
20.

HIV self-testing shall be done in the following manner:
(a) by an individual alone; or
(b) by an individual with the assistance of someone he
trusts or a trained HIV testing service provider. [s. 16D]
21. A person who contravenes the provisions of this Part,
commits an offence. [s. 16E]
Responsibilities of
person providing
or distributing
self testing kits
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19
Quality and
standards of
self-testing kits
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19
Methods of
self-testing
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19
Offences under
this Part
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19

dards of
self-testing kits
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19
Methods of
self-testing
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19
Offences under
this Part
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 19

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
PART V
CONFIDENTIALITY
22.–(1) All health practitioners, workers, employers,
recruitment agencies, insurance companies, data recorders,
sign language interpreters, legal guardians, a person who assists
another person to undertake self-testing and other custodians
of any medical records, files, data or test results shall observe
confidentiality in the handling of all medical information and
documents, particularly the identity and status of persons
living with HIV. (2) A person who received results under section 16 shall be
obliged to observe confidentiality in respect of the HIV result
received by him under that section. (3) A person who contravenes the provisions of this section
commits an offence. [s. 17]
23.

pect of the HIV result
received by him under that section. (3) A person who contravenes the provisions of this section
commits an offence. [s. 17]
23.

The medical confidentiality shall not be considered
breached in-
(a) complying with reportorial requirements in conjunction
with the monitoring and evaluation programmes;
(b) informing other health practitioners directly involved
or about to be involved in the treatment or care of a
person living with HIV;
(c) responding to an order of the court over legal
proceedings where the main issue is HIV status of an
individual; or
(d) giving information to the appointed member of the
deceased’s family. [s. 18]
Medical
confidentiality
Act No. 14 of 2019 ss. 14
and 20
Exceptions to
confidentiality
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14

mber of the
deceased’s family. [s. 18]
Medical
confidentiality
Act No. 14 of 2019 ss. 14
and 20
Exceptions to
confidentiality
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14

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92
PART VI
HEALTH AND SUPPORT SERVICES
24.–(1) The Government shall, using available resources
ensure that, every person living with HIV, vulnerable children
and orphans are accorded with basic health services. (2) Every CBO, Private Organisation and FBO dealing with
HIV and AIDS matters shall, in consultation with the local
government authority in the area of its jurisdiction, provide
community based HIV and AIDS prevention, support and
care services. [s. 19]
25. The Ministry shall, in collaboration with other ministries
prepare programmes and conduct training for persons living
with HIV on-
(a) their survival needs;
(b) life skills; and
(c) formation of support groups for the purpose of
providing palliative services and care. [s. 20]
26.–(1) Any person who has knowledge of being infected with
HIV after being tested shall-
(a) immediately inform his spouse or sexual partner of the
fact; and
(b) take all reasonable measures and precautions to prevent
the transmission of HIV to others.

ly inform his spouse or sexual partner of the
fact; and
(b) take all reasonable measures and precautions to prevent
the transmission of HIV to others.

(2) The person referred to under subsection (1) shall
inform his spouse or his sexual partner of the risk of becoming
infected if he has sex with such person unless that other person
knows that fact. (3) A person who abuses his spouse or sexual partner
either verbally, physically or by conduct in connection with
compliance with the provisions of this Act, commits an offence
and shall upon conviction be liable to a fine of not less than
Basic health
services to
persons living
with HIV
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Programmes on
survival, life skills
and palliative
services
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Prevention of
transmission

ving
with HIV
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Programmes on
survival, life skills
and palliative
services
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Prevention of
transmission

©2025 Government of Tanzania. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or distributed without permission of OAG.93
THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
five hundred thousand shillings but not exceeding one million
shillings or to imprisonment for a term of not less than three
months but not more than six months or to both. [s. 21]
27. The Ministry shall-
(a) ensure that STIs services are strengthened; and
(b) create public awareness on STIs as far as it relates to
transmission of HIV and AIDS. [s. 22]
28.–(1) The Ministry shall quantify requirement of condoms
in Tanzania by espousing different stakeholders, mobilising
resources required for procurement of condoms generally
with a view to ensuring availability of condoms of standard
quality in Tanzania. (2) Condoms shall not be manufactured or imported to
Tanzania unless the condoms conform with the standards
provided by the authorities responsible for quality and standards
control and where possible, the condoms should bear the
information relating to the condoms and be in braille print.

onsible for quality and standards
control and where possible, the condoms should bear the
information relating to the condoms and be in braille print.

(3) A person who contravenes the provisions of subsection
(2), commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable, in
case of-
(a) an individual, to a fine of not less than ten million
shillings but not exceeding thirty million shillings or
to imprisonment for a term of not less than three years
but not exceeding five years or to both; and
(b) a body corporate, to a fine of not less than fifty million
shillings but not exceeding one hundred million
shillings. [s. 23]
29.–(1) A person being the owner, manager or incharge of health
care facility or medical insurance whether public or private shall
facilitate access to health care services to persons living with
HIV without discrimination on the basis of their status. Prevention and
control of STIs
Condoms
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 21
Access to health
care facility
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14

on the basis of their status. Prevention and
control of STIs
Condoms
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 21
Access to health
care facility
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14

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94
(2) The Ministry shall, where resources allow, take necessary
steps to ensure the availability of ARVs and other health care
services and medicines to persons living with HIV and those
exposed to risk of HIV infection. [s. 24]
30.–(1) The Ministry shall regulate the care and treatment of
HIV infected pregnant women, mothers infected with HIV
while giving birth and measures to reduce HIV transmission
from mother to child. (2) In an endeavor to prevent the mother to child
transmission of HIV-
(a) trained and authorised persons shall provide
counselling services to HIV infected pregnant and
breast feeding women and to men responsible for the
pregnancies or spouses respectively;
(b) health care facilities shall monitor, provide treatment
and apply measures necessary to reduce HIV
transmission from mother to child; and
(c) prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV,
health services should be parent friendly. [s. 25]
31.

V
transmission from mother to child; and
(c) prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV,
health services should be parent friendly. [s. 25]
31.

A health practitioner who is exposed to or infected with
HIV in the course of rendering health care services to a person
living with HIV shall be entitled to-
(a) post exposure prophylaxis;
(b) treatment or access to continuum of care in case of
HIV diagnosis; and
(c) compensation for any injury directly resulting from
infection with HIV. [s. 26]
32.–(1) All statements or information regarding the cure of
HIV and AIDS shall be subjected to scientific verification
before they are announced. Prevention of
transmission
from mother to
child
Post exposure
prophylaxis
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Misleading
information or
statement
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 22

n of
transmission
from mother to
child
Post exposure
prophylaxis
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Misleading
information or
statement
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 22

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
(2) Publication of statements or information referred to
under subsection (1) shall be attached with both evidence of
pre-and post-cure HIV test results. (3) A person who makes or causes to be made any misleading
statement or information regarding curing, preventing or
controlling HIV and AIDS contrary to this section, commits
an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a fine of not
less than five million shillings but not exceeding fifty million
shillings or to imprisonment for a term of not less than six
months but not exceeding three years or to both. [s. 27]
PART VII
STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION
33. A person shall not formulate a policy, enact any law or Act
in a manner that discriminates directly or by its implication
persons living with HIV, orphans or their families. [s. 28]
34. A health practitioner who deals with persons living with
HIV shall provide health services without any kind of stigma
or discrimination. [s. 29]
35.

. A health practitioner who deals with persons living with
HIV shall provide health services without any kind of stigma
or discrimination. [s. 29]
35.

A person shall not-
(a) deny any person admission, participation into services
or expel that other person from any institution;
(b) deny or restrict any person to travel within or outside
Tanzania;
(c) deny any person employment opportunity;
(d) deny or restrict any person to live anywhere; or
(e) deny or restrict the right of any person to residence,
on the grounds of the person’s actual, perceived or suspected
HIV and AIDS status. [s. 30]
Prohibition of
discriminatory
laws, policies and
practices
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Restriction
of health
practitioners to
stigmatise or
discriminate
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Prohibition of
other forms of
discrimination

of 2019 s. 14
Restriction
of health
practitioners to
stigmatise or
discriminate
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Prohibition of
other forms of
discrimination

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96
36. A person shall not stigmatise or discriminate in any manner
any other person on the grounds of such other person’s actual,
perceived or suspected HIV and AIDS status. [s. 31]
37. A person who contravenes any provision under this Part,
commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a fine
of not less than two million shillings or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding one year or to both. [s. 32]
PART VIII
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV1
38.–(1) A person living with HIV shall, using available
resources have-
(a) a right to the highest attainable standard of physical
and mental health; and
(b) a right to treatment of opportunistic infections. (2) A person living with HIV shall, subject to the provisions
of subsection (1), have an obligation to-
(a) protect others from infection; and
(b) share in scientific advancement and its benefits. [s.

provisions
of subsection (1), have an obligation to-
(a) protect others from infection; and
(b) share in scientific advancement and its benefits. [s.

33]
39.–(1) Every local government authority shall design,
formulate establish and coordinate mechanism and strategic
plans for ensuring that the most vulnerable children within its
respective area are afforded means to access education, basic
health care and livelihood services. 1 This title has been amended by Act No. 14 of 2019, section 14 (General
amendment). Prohibition
of stigma and
discrimination
Offences relating
to stigma and
discrimination
Rights and
obligations of
persons living
with HIV,
orphans, etc. Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Access to
education and
basic health care
services

imination
Rights and
obligations of
persons living
with HIV,
orphans, etc. Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14
Access to
education and
basic health care
services

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
(2) The Minister may, in consultation with the Minister
responsible for local government, make regulations setting out
criteria for identifying the most vulnerable children referred to
under subsection (1). (3) For the purpose of this section, the term “most vulnerable
children” includes orphans. [s. 34]
40.–(1) Everybody corporate, NGO, CBO, FBO, public
institution or private organisation and any person receiving
aid or other kind of assistance for the purpose of providing
preventive, research, treatment, support or care to persons
living with HIV, widows, widowers, orphans or the most
vulnerable children shall ensure that the aid and assistance
received is used for that purpose.

living with HIV, widows, widowers, orphans or the most
vulnerable children shall ensure that the aid and assistance
received is used for that purpose.

(2) A body corporate, NGO, CBO, FBO or private
organisation which misuses any aid commits on offence and
on conviction shall be liable -
(a) in case of an individual, to imprisonment for a term of
not less than three years but not exceeding five years or
confiscation of property worth the value of the aid or
assistance received and refund of the misused funds;
and
(b) in case of an NGO, CBO, FBO, private organisation or
a body corporate, to a fine of not less than five million
shillings but not exceeding fifty million shillings or
confiscation of property worth the value of aid or
assistance received and refund of the misused funds. (3) A body corporate, NGO, CBO, FBO or private
organisation which is convicted pursuant to subsection (1)
may be deregistered from the register of body corporate,
NGOs, CBO, FBO or private organisation, as the case may be. [s. 35]
Prohibition of
misuse of aid by
NGOs, FBOs,
CBOs, public
institutions
and private
organisations
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14

, as the case may be. [s. 35]
Prohibition of
misuse of aid by
NGOs, FBOs,
CBOs, public
institutions
and private
organisations
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 14

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98
PART IX
ESTABLISHMENT OF RESEARCH COMMITTEE
41.–(1) There shall be established a Committee to be
known as the National HIV and AIDS Research Fellowship
Committee. (2) The Committee shall comprise of the following members:
(a) the Chairman;
(b) one member from the National AIDS Control
Programme;
(c) one member from TACAIDS;
(d) one member representing higher learning institutions;
(e) a Law Officer representing the Office of the Attorney
General;
(f) one member representing private HIV and AIDS
research bodies;
(g) one member from NIMR;
(h) one member from COSTECH;
(i) one member from Muhimbili National Hospital;
(j) one member representing National Health Research
Forum;
(k) one member representing the Association of Private
Health Facilities of Tanzania;
(l) one member representing organisations of people
living with HIV; and
(m) one member from the Commission for Human Rights
and Good Governance. (3) All members referred under subsection (2) shall be
appointed by the Minister.

one member from the Commission for Human Rights
and Good Governance. (3) All members referred under subsection (2) shall be
appointed by the Minister.

(4) The Director for Preventive Services in the Ministry
shall be the Secretary to the Committee. (5) The tenure of office, meetings and other procedural
matters of the Committee shall be as set out in the Schedule
to this Act. [s. 36]
National HIV and
AIDS Research
Fellowship
Committee

other procedural
matters of the Committee shall be as set out in the Schedule
to this Act. [s. 36]
National HIV and
AIDS Research
Fellowship
Committee

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
42.–(1) The Committee shall be responsible for:
(a) evaluating all proposals submitted for funding within
the HIV and AIDS Research Fellowship Programme
in respect to scientific quality, appropriateness as to
priority area of research and funding level requested;
(b) establishing the criteria for evaluating and funding the
submitted proposals;
(c) awarding best research proposals fellowships of at least
ten million Tanzanian shillings and maximum of fifty
million Tanzanian shillings;
(d) advertising the fellowship programmes on an annual
basis; and
(e) mobilising resources for the Committee. (2) The functions, activities and other expenses of the
Committee shall be funded by the Ministry. [s. 37]
43.–(1) All proposals seeking funding support from the
Committee shall be required to submit evidence of having
obtained ethical clearance of their proposals from the National
Research Ethics Committee of the NIMR, COSTECH or other
research ethics bodies established under any written laws.

f their proposals from the National
Research Ethics Committee of the NIMR, COSTECH or other
research ethics bodies established under any written laws.

(2) All research on HIV and AIDS involving local and
multinational researchers shall require approval by the
National HIV and AIDS Research Fellowship Committee. [s. 38]
44. For the purpose of research conducted under this Part,
every international research team shall include a national
counterpart who shall be responsible for that study in Tanzania. [s. 39]
45.–(1) The Committee shall establish a mechanism for
monitoring researches funded by the Committee by requiring
a quarterly or six monthly report from persons awarded
fellowships. Functions of
Committee
Ethics clearance
Research by
international
teams
Research
monitoring

ly or six monthly report from persons awarded
fellowships. Functions of
Committee
Ethics clearance
Research by
international
teams
Research
monitoring

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100
(2) After a research fellowship project has been completed,
the research fellow shall be required to submit the final report
of activities and budgeted expenditure to the Committee and
copies of all publications originating from the funded project
to NACP, TACAIDS and NIMR. [s. 40]
46.–(1) The Ministry, in collaboration with the relevant
institutions may institute trials on HIV and AIDS vaccines,
medicines and other related bio-products within the country,
provided that such trials shall not endanger the health of
persons undergoing such trials. (2) A person shall not undertake HIV and AIDS related
bio-medical research on another person or on any tissue or
blood removed from such person unless-
(a) there is informed consent of that other person; or
(b) where that other person is a child, there is informed
consent of a parent or legal guardian of the child.

nformed consent of that other person; or
(b) where that other person is a child, there is informed
consent of a parent or legal guardian of the child.

(3) For the purpose of subsection (2), a person whose
consent is sought to be obtained, shall be adequately informed
of the aims, methods, anticipated benefits and potential
hazards and discomforts of the research. (4) The person who is the subject of the research, shall
be adequately provided with compensation as far as ethical
regulations are concerned. [s. 41]
47.–(1) The public and private institutions shall maintain
inventory of all ongoing and completed research projects on
HIV and AIDS and TACAIDS shall, in collaboration with
NACP, compile the relevant research findings and submit to
the Minister. (2) The Minister may, upon receipt of the research findings
and after consultation with the Minister responsible for multi-
sectoral coordination, policy of HIV and AIDS prevention and
control, disseminate relevant research findings to the public. Vaccine trials
and research
on persons
Dissemination of
research findings
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 23

sseminate relevant research findings to the public. Vaccine trials
and research
on persons
Dissemination of
research findings
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 23

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
(3) For the purpose of facilitating dissemination of research
findings under this Part, researchers shall translate or cause
to be translated research findings into Kiswahili and English
languages for public consumption. (4) Research findings shall be in appropriate format and
technologies accessible to disabled persons. [s. 42]
PART X
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
48. The Ministry shall establish a comprehensive system of
monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to determine the
magnitude and progression of HIV infections and other
matters relating to HIV and AIDS. [s. 43]
49. Every owner, manager or the incharge of a health care
facility shall adopt measures issued by the Ministry to ensure
the reporting and confidentiality of any medical records
and personal data relating to HIV and AIDS including all
information which may be accessed from various data. [s.

nfidentiality of any medical records
and personal data relating to HIV and AIDS including all
information which may be accessed from various data. [s.

44]
50.–(1) Every institution, hospital, laboratory, clinic and blood
bank in the Regions and Districts shall be required to diagnose
and report HIV and AIDS cases to the Ministry. (2) The information referred to under subsection (1) shall
be submitted to TACAIDS for inclusion in the HIV and AIDS
Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. [s. 45]
Monitoring
Reporting by
health care
facility
Diagnoses and
reporting

DS for inclusion in the HIV and AIDS
Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. [s. 45]
Monitoring
Reporting by
health care
facility
Diagnoses and
reporting

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102
PART XI
OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
51. A health practitioner or any person referred to under
sections 16 and 22 who-
(a) breaches medical confidentiality; or
(b) unlawfully discloses information regarding HIV and
AIDS status of any person, commits an offence, and
on conviction shall be liable to a fine of not less than
five hundred thousand shillings but not exceeding one
million shillings or to imprisonment for a term of not
less than six months but not exceeding twelve months,
or to both. [s. 46]
52.–(1) A person who intentionally transmits HIV to another
person commits an offence, and on conviction shall be liable
to imprisonment to a term of not less than five years and not
exceeding ten years. (2) In addition to the penalty prescribed under subsection
(1), the court may order payment of compensation to the
victim in the sum and manner it deems fit. [s.

tion to the penalty prescribed under subsection
(1), the court may order payment of compensation to the
victim in the sum and manner it deems fit. [s.

47]
53.–(1) A person who intentionally breaches any provisions
relating to safe procedures and practices leading to spreading
of HIV, commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable-
(a) in case of an individual, to a fine of not less than two
hundred thousand shillings but not exceeding five
hundred thousand shillings or to imprisonment to a
term of not less than three months but not exceeding
six months; or
(b) in case of a health care facility, to a fine of not less than
three million shillings but not exceeding five million
shillings. Offences relating
to breach of
confidentiality
Offences relating
to spreading HIV
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 24
Offences relating
to breach of safe
practices leading
to spreading HIV

of
confidentiality
Offences relating
to spreading HIV
Act No. 14 of 2019 s. 24
Offences relating
to breach of safe
practices leading
to spreading HIV

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
(2) The health care facility which is convicted pursuant to
subsection (1) may be deregistered from the register of health
care facilities. [s. 48]
54.–(1) It shall be an offence for a person to obstruct or prevent
any activity related to implementation of the provisions of this
Act in any manner whatsoever. (2) A person convicted of an offence under this section,
shall be liable to a fine of not less than one hundred thousand
shillings but not exceeding five hundred thousand shillings
or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or
to both. [s. 49]
55. A person, who commits any offence against the provisions
of this Act shall be liable on conviction for every such offence
except where in any other section a specific penalty is provided
to a fine of not less than two hundred thousand shillings or to
imprisonment for a term of not less than three months or
to both. [s.

alty is provided
to a fine of not less than two hundred thousand shillings or to
imprisonment for a term of not less than three months or
to both. [s.

50]
PART XII
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
56.–(1) A complaint against contravention of any provision of
this Act may be lodged in writing to-
(a) the Secretary to the village, ward, district or urban
AIDS Committees or as the case may be;
(b) the police station;
(c) the owner, manager or the incharge of a health care
facility concerned; or
(d) the employer. (2) Every complainant shall be required to give all the
necessary information in relation to the complaint in question. Penalty for
offence relating
to obstruction
General penalty
Complaints

to give all the
necessary information in relation to the complaint in question. Penalty for
offence relating
to obstruction
General penalty
Complaints

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104
(3) The Minister may make regulations prescribing the
mode of lodging and handling of complaints under this Act. [s. 51]
57.

[CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
104
(3) The Minister may make regulations prescribing the
mode of lodging and handling of complaints under this Act. [s. 51]
57.

The Minister may make regulation prescribing-
(a) circumstances under which HIV testing results may be
released to another person;
(b) methods, programmes and coordination of distribution
and use of ARVs;
(c) the manner under which professional counseling shall
be undertaken;
(d) the conduct of HIV tests, informing of the results of
HIV tests, reporting of HIV tests results and any other
matter necessary or convenient in relation to HIV tests;
(e) the preparation, maintenance and release of data
relating to transmission, status of, and persons living
with HIV;
(f) parenteral exposure (sharp instruments), syringes and
other material used in blood testing and the manner of
disposing them;
(g) precautions to be taken by health practitioners against
HIV transmission during surgical, dental, delivery
services and any other similar procedures;
(h) provision of post exposure prophylaxis at all levels of
health care services and necessary tools such as gloves,
goggles and gowns to all health practitioners and any
other person who cares for persons living with HIV;
(i) the manner of handling and disposing of body fluids
and wastes of persons known or believed to have been
infected with HIV;
(j) manner in which vaccines and other trials are to be
conducted;
(k) circumstances under which a person may be regarded
to make misleading statement to the public regarding
the persons living with HIV, orphans and their families;
(l) matters relating to the involvement of the community
in the implementation of the provisions of this Act;
Regulations
Act No.

and their families;
(l) matters relating to the involvement of the community
in the implementation of the provisions of this Act;
Regulations
Act No.

14 of 2019
ss. 14 and 25

14 of 2019
ss. 14 and 25

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THE HIV AND AIDS (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) ACT [CAP. 431 R.E. 2023]
(m) provision, supply, handling and disposal of self-testing
kits;
(n) circumstances under which a person may be regarded
to stigmatise and discriminate a person living with
HIV, orphans and their families; and
(o) anything which may be provided for the better carrying
out of the provisions of this Act. [s. 52]
58. Notwithstanding any provisions of this Act, no religious
organisation or group shall be compelled in any manner to
do or not to do anything which is against the belief of that
organisation or group so long as such doing or, forbearance to
do, does not contravene any provision of any written law. [s. 53]
59. The Minister may, by order published in the Gazette,
amend, vary or replace the Schedule to this Act. [s. 54]
SCHEDULE
(Made under section 41(5))
PROCEDURE AND CONDUCT OF
MEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE
1.–(1) The tenure of office for the Chairman and the members of the
Committee shall be three years and may be eligible for further one
term.

COMMITTEE
1.–(1) The tenure of office for the Chairman and the members of the
Committee shall be three years and may be eligible for further one
term.

(2) The members shall elect a Vice-Chairman of the Committee
from amongst their number. 2.–(1) The Committee shall ordinarily meet at such times and places as
it deems necessary for transaction of its business, but shall meet at least
once in every three months. (2) The Chairman or, in his absence the Vice-Chairman, may at
any time convene an extraordinary meeting of the Committee, upon a
written request by the majority of members in office. Prohibition of
compulsion
Amendment of
Schedule
Tenure of office
and election of
Vice-Chairman
Meeting of
Committee

the majority of members in office. Prohibition of
compulsion
Amendment of
Schedule
Tenure of office
and election of
Vice-Chairman
Meeting of
Committee

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106
(3) The Chairman or, in his absence the Vice-Chairman, shall
preside at every meeting of the Committee and, in the absence of both
the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, the members present shall
appoint a member from amongst themselves to preside the meeting. 3. Where a member of the Committee who is a member by virtue of his
office is unable for any reason to attend any meeting of the Committee,
he may nominate another person from his organisation to represent
him in the meeting. 4. The quorum at any meeting of the Committee shall be half of the
members in office. 5.–(1) Subject to subparagraph (2), matters proposed to be deliberated
upon at a meeting of the Committee shall be decided by a majority of
the votes of the members present, and in the event of an equality of
votes, the person presiding over the meeting shall have a casting vote in
addition to his deliberative vote.

esent, and in the event of an equality of
votes, the person presiding over the meeting shall have a casting vote in
addition to his deliberative vote.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (1), where the
Chairman so directs a decision may be made by the Committee without
a meeting by circulation of the relevant papers among the members, and
the expression of the views of the members in writing, shall constitute
the decision of the Committee, but any member may require that the
decision be deferred and the subject matter be considered at a meeting
of the Committee. 6.–(1) The Committee shall cause to be recorded and kept minutes of
all business conducted or transacted at the meeting and the minutes of
each meeting of the Committee shall be read and confirmed or amended
and confirmed at the next meeting of the Committee and signed by the
person presiding and the Secretary to the meeting. (2) Any minutes purporting to be signed by the person presiding
and the Secretary at a meeting of the Committee shall, in the absence of
proof of error, be deemed to be a correct record of the meeting whose
minutes they purport to be. 7. The validity of any act or proceeding of the Committee shall not be
affected by any vacancy among its members or by any defect in the
appointment of any of them. 8.

f any act or proceeding of the Committee shall not be
affected by any vacancy among its members or by any defect in the
appointment of any of them. 8.

Subject to the provisions of this Schedule, the Committee may
regulate its own proceedings. Absent members
to be represented
Quorum
Decision of
Committee
Minutes of
meetings
Validity of
proceedings
Committee
may regulate its
proceedings