Law No.2025/009 of 15 July 2025 relating to transplantation Cameroon the donation, removal and of human biological material in Cameroon

REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON PEAGE - WORK - FATHERLAND
t\ 5 .'LAW No ____________ OF ________
RELATING TO
TRANSPLANTATION
CAMEROON
DONATION, REMOVAL ANDTHE
OF HU MAN BIOLOGlCAL MAiERiÂL iN
pR!BIOEN . ,..
PRE81
8 IR!
li ERVICE
RME:
y
The Parliament deliberated and adopted,
the President of the Republic hereby
enacts the law set out below:www.prc.cm

,..
PRE81
8 IR!
li ERVICE
RME:
y
The Parliament deliberated and adopted,
the President of the Republic hereby
enacts the law set out below:www.prc.cm

SECTION 1: (1) This law relates to the dona 10n, removal and transpl
of human biologicâl material in Cameroon. (2) lt lays down the principles and rules applicable to the
and
- blood donation, its components and derivatives;
destruction of
- transfer and preservation of gametes and embryos;
- donation, auto-transplantation and transplantation for research
purposes. SECTION 3: Within the meaning of this iaw and its subsequent implementing
instruments, the following definitions shall apply;
Biobank: authorized facility for the preservation and management of human
biological samples and related data. Cell: morphological and functional unit of every living being. Stem ceU: undifferentiated cell with the ability to self-renew, multiply endlessly
and create specialized human cells. Haematopoietic stem cell: primitive ceil accounting for only a tiny fraction of
the haematopoietic tissue that generates ail of the body's blood cell iines. Accredited centre: public or private health facility authorized by the State to
remove, preserve, store or transplant hurnan biological material.

nes. Accredited centre: public or private health facility authorized by the State to
remove, preserve, store or transplant hurnan biological material.

Conditioning: all activities related to the preparation, preservation, storage
and transfer of human biological material for therapeutic, diagnostic or scientific
research purposes. Free and informed consent: voluntary, informed and written consent of an
individual who has been properiy informed of their rights, the type of surgery
and the related risks, and who agrees to undergo the removal or
transplantation of human biological material. r., _____ ,_.,.: ___ .,. __ h_;_ u,....,...,.,.J ... ,..,, 1,-�� h 1 ·m,.......,, hi"l,-..,, ,...i,........... I m-.+r'\ .... ;"I ,,i"'ht� h.ofnror I Ç;:)ÇI vauvii. �C:\.,l li li\., .:>CU LV l"\-C:Cfv I IUI 1011 UIUIV�lvOI i I ICHÇI ICI V IC.UJI ..... l,J\.,IVI v
they are used. Death: permanent and irreversible loss of consciousness and brainstem
functions, resulting from prolonged cardiorespiratory arrest that prevents
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ting from prolonged cardiorespiratory arrest that prevents
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Donation: voluntary and free act of donating human biologicai mat�rial for
therapeutic use. Donor: a living persan who, either before their death or during their lifetime,
decides to donate their human biological material free of charge to a patient for
therapeutic use. Transplantation: medica! or surgicai procedure involving the replacement of
unhealthy biologicai material in a patient with healthy biological material from
another persûn. Human biological material: substances from the human body, such as cells,
tissues or organs
Brain death: irreversible loss of brain and brainstem functions, characterized
by coma, ioss of spontaneous breathing and brainstem reflexes. Organ: distinct part of the hurnan body made up of various tissues. Removal: medical or surgical process of extracting human biological material
from a living or deceased persan. Recipient: patient who receives human biological material. Storage: preservation of removed human biological material under controlled
and appropriate conditions until it is used. Tissue: constitutive part of the human body made up of cells.

human biological material under controlled
and appropriate conditions until it is used. Tissue: constitutive part of the human body made up of cells.

CHAPTER Il
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
SECTION 4: The donation, removal and transpiantation of human biological
material in Cameroon shall be consistent with the following principles:
- non-discrimination;
1. · h 1· · 1 b · AIRE
- comp 1ance w1t c 1rnca est pract1ces; RVICE
R E
cornpliance with ethical and bioethical r V_L�-= E O T Ru c ,. o P Y
If 1 -
- compliance with human dignity and hu ts;-
- guarantee of self-determirn:�tion ar.d person2! respcnsib!!ity;
- guarantee of special protection for persans under legal age and âdults
with a disability;
- respect for human vulnerability and persona! integrity;
- n:::.c:n,::::,f"'f fnr nri\/:::::tf"'\I :::::inrl rnnfirl,::::,nti:::::ilih, f'lf nor<:nn:::::il rl:::::it:::::i·. --t"--.. · -· t'' i: V--, -· ·- --· ,, ·--· 111,1_, .... . , -· ,...,-. --· ·-· -- ..-,
- respect for diversity and cultural values;
- protection of the environment, biosphere and biodiversity.www.prc.cm

... . , -· ,...,-. --· ·-· -- ..-,
- respect for diversity and cultural values;
- protection of the environment, biosphere and biodiversity.www.prc.cm

SECTION 5: (1) The donation, removal and transplantation of human biological
mâterial shall only be carried out for therapeutic purposes. (2) Human biological material shail not be transferred or acquired
for therapeutic use in exchange for rernuneration or any other material benefit. Scr-Ti-u i:::- (1 \ •!.-.e ..J,..,.�,.._t;on o" 1.-u--n k=-1 oq=""'1 m-�i::..-= .... , .... n• ....Il be · ,.... 1u�-1-a�· ·i-V i iVi"II v. , ) 1 11 Uvl ici-! 1 1 1 i '11 Ici I UIVI __;i\.Jctl I en,., , lctl ;:, au vu .l IL i y,
free of charge and without duress. (2) For deceased donors, it sha!! be anonymous. SECT!ON 7: (1) The removal and transplantation of human biologlcal materia! must be justified and carried out without posing any health risks to the living
donor or recipient. (2) The removal of vital human biological material from a living
persan for transplantation purposes is strict!y forbidden, even with their
consent. SECTION 8: The importation and exportation of human bioiogical material shal! be forbidden. SECTION 9: Any advertisement promoting the donation of human biological
material to a particular persan or authorized centre shall be forbidden. Cl: Dl:.

TION 9: Any advertisement promoting the donation of human biological
material to a particular persan or authorized centre shall be forbidden. Cl: Dl:.

LA
pR1!9\0l;f.l
RllSIDENCV
P aec
CHAPTERII! CONSENT
u�a �-SENTOFTHEDONOR
-..:=...:::.....:....:..=;..:...::......:....;... , inforrned consent of the donor of human biological
material shall be required prier to any removal or transplantation surgery. SECTION 11: The donor shall only validly express their consent after the
physician has provided them with information about their state of health, the
type of surgery or treatment, the expected outcomes, other options, and the
risks invo!ved, 2s well as any necessary measures to mitigate such risks. SECTION 12: (1) The donor sha!I express his/her consent in the presence of
at least a spouse, parent or chi Id under one of the following conditions:
(a) before the national body responsible for ethical issues, referred to in
�or-fiAn 110 hoi-o+o·,••n.;,;..vuv1 1 -r 1 1\.., 1 v1. ,
(b) before the President of the High Court upon an ordinary application;www.prc.cm

rred to in
�or-fiAn 110 hoi-o+o·,••n.;,;..vuv1 1 -r 1 1\.., 1 v1. ,
(b) before the President of the High Court upon an ordinary application;www.prc.cm

P R E O I O E N C I.: O [; L A f
P R t B I O F. N !,; Y F T
8 1: C H E TA R t
( c) before a notary pubiic. �:��,��;'::·, "\0 .. F 1
C O P r- · c ' hï
�:a-rirrr F I E r ,., P Y
(2) VVhere (b) and c f""gbove-a�pply,the-c u ru!ing or notarial
act, as applicable, shall be submitted and registered With the national body
responsible for ethical issues. SECTION 1 3: The donor sha!i have a deadiine of 72 (seventy-two) hours
before surger1 te ,i1vithdraw his/her consent. The national body responsib!e for
,-..,.(.h;"",--.i ;,.,..�, '"r- r-h-.U +-h,.....n fru-, �1-, rri +hi- iri.:,.-... ... �-+i.-. n f.-. +ho Y"Ol"fnioniÇU UVCH J�-....UCi:) ..::')I iC:H U !C; 4 ! U! \Il.. eu u l! fi� il dui � f !âln..n ! E.V t..t 1v ! "'-V! JJÎvi i L
SECTION 1 4: (1) The consent of a living adult donor shall only be validly
expressed if they can prove that they have full meÏltal capacity. (2) The consent of adult donors with d isabi!ities shall be validly
expressed under the foll owing conditions:
(a) the assent of the adult with a disability;
(b) the informed consent of the iegal representative in accordance wîth
the provisions of Section 1 2 above.

he assent of the adult with a disability;
(b) the informed consent of the iegal representative in accordance wîth
the provisions of Section 1 2 above.

SECTION 1 5: The consent of persans under age shall be expressed, mutatis
mutandis under the conditions set out in Section 14 (2) above. SECTION 1 6 : The removal of human biological material from a deceased
person or a person in a state of brain death shall only be carried out where that
persan gave his free and informed consent while he was alive, in accordance
with the provisions of this law. il - CONSENT OF THE RECIPIENT
SECTION 1 7 : The provisions of Sections 1 0 t o 1 5 shall apply mutatis mutandis
to the consent of the recipient. CHAPTER IV
REMOVAL, TRANSPLANTATION AND DESTRUCTION OF HUMAN
B!OLOG!CAL MATER!AL
1 - REMOVAL AND TRANSPLANTATION
SECTION 1 8: Human biological material may be removed from living,
deceased or brain-dead persans under the conditions stipulated in this law. St=CTiON 1 9 : ( 1 ) ! n !ine with the general conditions provided for i n this law,
donors and recipients of human biological material shall meet selection criteria
prior to any removal, especialiy those pertaining to compatibiiity and safety. 5www.prc.cm

of human biological material shall meet selection criteria
prior to any removal, especialiy those pertaining to compatibiiity and safety. 5www.prc.cm

l' R r! tl l O C: U C l: D E L ,
P R E S I C E tU; V O F l i 1 •
8 1: C R TA · ' � •
SERVICE DU , lt 1 ' L .H \RE
SECTION 20: Quaii ��L�ij� ·�:�r� person0ê1 ��a�� verify the identity of the
donor and potentia! iteci· · , ��ensüre that empatibility requirements and
potential contraindir - ;ons are met, as well as qomplying with applicable health
and security measures, before removing human biologlcal material from a
living, deceased or brain-dead persan for subsequent transpiantation into a
iiving persan. �Fr: ;_ !_Or_·\! ?i_ : i '1 \ Tho !'O!'nt"\\iaî r.f h i l i'Y'l'"'
'f'l 1-,;,...1,.........,;,...�j m�fai-ia'1 fi-1'"\m ':} noi-st"\n- ._ - � • \ l / f ! ! V ! \,;.,-f ! ! \./ V i '-"" • i H.,� l ! !C! . ! U i V i V� n......-ÇA.I ! ! H:.--•H.\J! t l ! V I ! '-A f'-'\,,,!l Vi E
under the age of 1 8 or an adu!t with disabiiity shall be limlted to haematopoietic
stem celis. (2) The restriction referred to in paragraph ( 1 ) above may be
waived in cases of force majeure with the express authorization of the national
body responsible for ethicai issues. (3) The special conditions and terms for implementing
Paragraph (2) above shall be laid down by regulation.

ional
body responsible for ethicai issues. (3) The special conditions and terms for implementing
Paragraph (2) above shall be laid down by regulation.

SECTION 22: Notwithstanding the consent of the donor, recipient or their legal
representatives, prior to any removai or transplantation surgery, the physician
may reqùest a second medical opinion or additional medical examinations,
especially where the life of the donor or recipient may be at risk. SECTION 23: ( 1 ) The removal of any biological material from a deceased
persan shall only be carried out after his death has been reported by a
physician. (2) The removal of any biological material from a person in a
state of brain death shal! only be carried out after this condition has been
reported by a team of two physicians, one of whom must be a neurologist or a
neurosurgeon. SECTION 24: The terms and conditions governing the removal and
transpiantation of human biological material shall be laid down by regulation. ! ! - Dl=�TRUCT!nN OF HUMAN R!O! O�!CA! MATFR!Al
SECTION 25: ( 1 ) Human bio!ogical material may be destroyed. (2) The destruction of human biological material is subject to the
prior approval of the national body responsible for ethical issues. (3) The destruction of human biological material must be carried
out:
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prior approval of the national body responsible for ethical issues. (3) The destruction of human biological material must be carried
out:
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;es,
,, R.;
ER
(b) by qua!ified personnei;
(c) under conditions that avoid any risk of reuse, whether partial or
otherwise. S ECTIOt-J 26: The terms and conditions governing the destruction of human
biological material s_ ..,9!' laid down by regulation. • ue
CHAPTER V
Eu CENTRES AND i HE BiOBANK
���Ü!���:;:.,;:;....-,f 1 - ACCREDITED CENTRES
- SECTION 27: ( 1 ) An accredited centre sha!I be a public or private health facility
that carries out the co!!ection, preser1ation or transplantation of humari
bio!ogical material. (2) Operations involving the collection, transplantation and
destruction of human biological material shall be carried out only in an
accredited centre. (3) The list of accredited centres shall be drawn up annually by
the Ministry in charge of public health. SECTION 28: ( 1 ) Each accredited centre shall have its own institutional ethics
committee. (2) The centre must ensure the traceabilitv of human biological
materiai and guarantee donor anonymity. / 0 \ ,-._ _ � - - - - ; __ .,; __ - - ,.J ..&. , .,... ,....;. ; " 9"' i ll"'\ ,...

ilitv of human biological
materiai and guarantee donor anonymity. / 0 \ ,-._ _ � - - - - ; __ .,; __ - - ,.J ..&. , .,... ,....;. ; " 9"' i ll"'\ ,...

rri.-F"
1_0) I I I C V l !:;:ICII IILO.llVI I C:1 1 1'-.J I U l lvllVI I I I I � U I
• , • • 1 ' 1
:nsrrrur:ona1 cthics
committees shall be laid àown by regulation. SECTION 29: Accredited centres shali be required to ensure the valiàity of
consent beforehand, in accordance with the provisions of this law. SECTION 30: Accredited centres shall take ail necessary measures to ensure
the preservation of aii documents reiated to each activity, in accordance vvith
the Code of Ethics a nd Professiona! Conduct, as vve!I as best practices. SECTION 31 : (1 ) Ali information reiating to the health status of the donor and
recipient, including their persona!, family, medical a nd surgical history, must be
completed by authoïized healthcare professîoiîals. (2) I nformation obtained from the donor, recipient or their legal
representatives shall be recorded in their medical files and kept at the centre.www.prc.cm

formation obtained from the donor, recipient or their legal
representatives shall be recorded in their medical files and kept at the centre.www.prc.cm

(3) The accredited centre must not disclose any information that
could enabie the identification of the donor or recipient of human bioiogicai
material, under penalty of sanctions against the centre and its managers. SECTION 32: The obligation to preseNe information as referred to in Section
3 1 above shall apply throughout the life of the donor and the recipient, even
....fî-er 1· h,=,. ·,r d.i::.i.:::itha , .. ' '"' --" �
ë Er'rinl>.i "} ") . i\ ,..,,,..,.,..._,..,l ;+,.,,-"' '"''"',....-1-r9� sh--il S' •kW1it an ,.. n n , •al ro rv; ri- on +h0 i ry :.,_ v 1 : � .c: ; � J...;. ,-�vv, c; u i: �cu vt::i ,t.1 � j i d n V.i..ff ! iH. 1 l O.i 1Î H...� .P E "'i'""'v, i. � \,t n,,,.-Ï I
activities to the Minister in charge of public health. A copy of this report sha!I
be forwarded to the nationai body responsible for ethical issues. SECTION 34: The terms and conditions governing the issuance of
accreditation shall be laid down by regulation. I l - THE BIOBANK
SECTION 35: ( 1 ) A biobank may be established at an accredited centre to
ensure the preservation and management of human biological samples and
associated data.

( 1 ) A biobank may be established at an accredited centre to
ensure the preservation and management of human biological samples and
associated data.

(2) The preservation of biological material must:
(a) guarantee the quality of the human biological rnaterial, from
collection to transplantation;
(b) cornply with the relevant biosafety and biosecurity requirements,
taking into account the specific nature of each material. SECTION 36: ( 1) Human biological material may only be stored in the biobank
of the accredited centre from which they were collected. (2) Human biological materia! removed for therapeutic use must
be stored in a biobank for a maximum of 5 (five) years. S ECTION 37: ( 1 ) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 36 above, human
bj o1og ï""'' m"'ter·1al ma" be transforrod be+u,oon acl"ron·1+0d "entrAS vv·1+hin thA1 I l\.,.,Cll 1 0 1. 1 J 1 - , . l '-,., 1 1 \.,,, 1.VV V '-' 1 t V I "'"" "'-' ,_, . .. ....... \li LI u , • ....,
nEülon2! territory. (2) The terms and conditions governing the transfer referred to
in paragraph (1) above shall be laid down by regulation. SECTION 38: The terms and conditions for establishing and closing biobanks,
as we!! as their standard operating procedures, shall be laid dûwn by
regulation. P R l! 8 1 D E N C E
P IU! I F I E D Twww.prc.cm

d closing biobanks,
as we!! as their standard operating procedures, shall be laid dûwn by
regulation. P R l! 8 1 D E N C E
P IU! I F I E D Twww.prc.cm

SECTION 39: A.il information relating to the coiiection, biobank operations,
transplantation and destruction of hum:an biological material must be recorded
and archived at the accredited centre. CHAPTER VI
NATIONAL BODY RESPONSIBLE FOR ETHICAL ISSUES
SECTION 4û: (1) The national body responsible for ethical issues shall provide
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-l""t. n nro�-on,a·rïrt na .::,f...,;<:;1 I LU a... at :u c�; U\.l'a� UtJU nv: t u, t u ic vu;:c �u..ii ; � u eu t· î-':-it 1lc..u. vi � : i'-1: "-'"'-'= "-d ;; F.,!v1 1
and destruction of human biological materiai. (2) The ürganization and functiûning of the bûdy referred tû in
paragraph ( 1 ) above shali be lâid down by regulation. SECîïON 41 : The national body responsible for ethicai issues shali keep a
national register of donors and a nationai waiting list of recipients. SECTION 42: ( 1 ) Any person who consents to the collection of human
bio!ogical material after his death must be listed on the national donor register.

ECTION 42: ( 1 ) Any person who consents to the collection of human
bio!ogical material after his death must be listed on the national donor register.

(2) He/she may withdraw hisiher consent at any time, through
the national body responsible for ethical issues. SECTION 43: Potential recipients of human biological material from deceased
donors must be registered on the national waiting list, which is compiled by the
nationai body responsible for ethical issues. Registration shall be based o n the
severity and urgency of cases requiring a transplant. -----.::��;-niËL°AR����la,o cNC� o e
CHAPTER VII ••R:ca10C!N�V
PROHI BITIONS AND PENAL Til;�, 1 ee
1 - P RO HI BITIONS 1 F I E D T R U E c o
SECTION 44: lt shall be prohibited:
- to remove human biological material from a person without their prior free
and informed consent;
- to collect human biological material outside accredited centres;
- to sell oï puïchase human biologicai material;
- to destroy removed human biological material, in violation of the rules laid
down by this law and its implementing instruments;
- to carry out transpiantatiün wlthout rnedical supeïvision or outside an
accredited centre;
- to carry out transplantation without the prier free and informed consent of
ihe recip1ent;www.prc.cm

al supeïvision or outside an
accredited centre;
- to carry out transplantation without the prier free and informed consent of
ihe recip1ent;www.prc.cm

- to destroy any document relating to the donation, collection or
transplantation of human biological materiai;
- to disclose confidential information obtained in the process of donation,
removal or transplantation of human bioiogical material. Il - PF=NALTIES pRCOIOC NCE O c:! L
PRetSI
8
PARA GRAPH / nmcio
AD1ViltVfSTRA TiV'E SAlVCTi�
SECTION 45: Without p rejudice to the criminal liability of accredited centre
their capadty as legal persons, their promoters and health personnel shal1 be
liabie to the following sanctions in the event of fai!ure to meet their obligations
under this law:
- seizure or destruction of medical equipment and data, at the offender's
expense;
- suspension or permanent withdrawai of the authorization to carry out the
collection and transplantation of human biological materials;
- suspension of authorization to practise medicine, or any other profession
related to operations involving the coliection and transplantation of
human biological material;
- suspension or withdrawal of the centre's accreditation;
- exclusion from public contracts for a period of 5 (five) years or
permanently;
regulation.

- suspension or withdrawal of the centre's accreditation;
- exclusion from public contracts for a period of 5 (five) years or
permanently;
regulation.

SECTION 46: The system of administrative sanctions referred to in Section 45
above shall be defined by regulation. PARAGRAPH Il
PENAL SANCTIONS
SECTION 47: Whoever discloses confidential information relating to the
donation, collection or transplantation of human biological material without
authorization from the relevant person shall be punished with imprisonn1ent for
from 3 (three) months to 3 (three) years, and with fine of from 200 000 (hNo
hundred thousand) to 2 000 000 (two million) CFA francs. cccr10"'1 A B · ( 1 \ ' "'hoe"er ""1 1'"'"1S h· ....... " .... h;0 1 '"'"'
0
I C"l ma+erial·..;IL;;. 1 1'111 ""t , , / V V I V \..,Vllt:;v I U I I I OI I UI I V� a I L 1 . - from a persan without his/her prior free and informed consent, or after
such consent has been withdrawn; or
- outside acci-edited centres;
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om a persan without his/her prior free and informed consent, or after
such consent has been withdrawn; or
- outside acci-edited centres;
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shall be punished with imprisonment for from 1 0 (ten) to 20 (twenty) years and
with fine of from 2 000 000 (tvvo million) to 20 000 000 (t\,venty million) CFA
francs. (2) \/Vhoever carries out a transplantation without the recipient's
free and informed consent shall be fiable to the same penalties as set out in
paragraph (1) above. SECTION 49: VVhoever:
- carries out the removal or transplantation of human biological material
without the assent of a person under the age of 18 or an adult with
disabl!ity, or without the consent of their !egai representative;
- carries out transplantation of human biologicai rnaterial without medica!

ult with
disabl!ity, or without the consent of their !egai representative;
- carries out transplantation of human biologicai rnaterial without medica!

super✓ision;
- donates human biological material for commercial reasons;
- requests, obtains, promises or grants a ny benefits or consideration
whatsoever in connection with the donation, removal or transplantation
of human biological material;
- destroys or causes the destruction of human bioiogicai materiai to be
removed or collected in violation of the rules laid down by the provisions
of this law ând its implementing instruments;
- destroys or causes the destruction of any document relating to the
donation, removal or transplantation of human biological material;
- violates the anonymity of the deceased donor;
- advertises a donation of human bio!ogical material in favour of a given
persan or a specific accredited centre;
shall be liable to the penalties provided for i n Section 48 above. SECTION 50: N otwithstanding the penalties provided for in Sections 4 7 to 49
above, the court to which the matter has been referred may pronounce the
forfeitures provided for in Section 30 of the Penal Code. SECTION 51: The provisions of the Pen al Code shall remain applicable for
offences not specifically punishable under this law.

n 30 of the Penal Code. SECTION 51: The provisions of the Pen al Code shall remain applicable for
offences not specifically punishable under this law.

CHAPTER V!U
MISCELLANEOUS, TRANSITIONAL AN D FINAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 52: Health personnel i nvolvetf- ln · the removal, preservation,
transplantation or destruction of human biolo ical material must be authorized
under the conditions laid down by regulation
I F I E O T R U y l 1www.prc.cm

SECTION 53: Health facilities carrying out the removal or transplantation of
biological material, as well as their medical personnel, shall be required to
comply with the provisions of this law within 12 (twelve) months of its
enactment.
SECTION 54: Regulatory instruments shall specify, as and when necessary,
the terms and conditions for implementing this law.
SECTION 55: This law shall be registered, published according to the
procedure of urgency and inserted in the Official Gazette in English and
French.
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